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Breeding Grounds of Culicidse. 
By C. W. Daniels, m.b., m.r.c.s. 
In Malay these diptera are characterised rather by the number of 
enera and species than by number of individuals. 
From the detailed account by Dr. Leicester it will be seen that 
large number both of the genera and species are new or have not been 
escribed before. This in part is due to the discovery of new breeding 
laces and also to the closer attention paid to certain known breeding 
rounds in which the number of individuals is usually small and therefore 
he larvae are difficult to detect. 
Although some of the new species can be accounted for in this manner, 
lany of them have been found so readily and in the course of so ordinary 
n examination that it is clear that to a large extent the Culicidae of Malaya 
re peculiar. 
Some of the species represented are widely distributed, and in the 
owns the world wide Culex fatigans , is well represented. Stegomyia fasciata is 
;>und in some of the coast settlements and both in these and throughout the 
ountry Stegomyia scutellaris which also occurs throughout Asia and Africa is 
bundant. Of the Anophelina Myzomyia Rossii the universal Asiatic species 
s well represented. Myzorliynchus Sinensis is the common anopheles of 
Eastern Asia, and Myzorliynchus Barbirostvis with its sub-species are 
ommon. 
Cellia Kochii so far only described in Malaya and the Malay Archipelago 
s under some circumstances prevalent. Nyssorhyncus Nivipes , Anopheles 
r veacherii, Myzomyia Albirostvis and Loplioscelomyia Asiaticus are, as far as we 
mow, limited to the Malay Peninsula, but more extensive examinations of 
>amboos will probably show that the last has a wider distribution. 
There is not a single American, European or African species of the 
Vnophelina found in this country. Of the Indian species only those found 
n or near towns are represented, the jungle and stream species are, with the 
exceptions of Karwari and Willmori, quite distinct in the two countries. 
Jf the Mansonia, M. uniformis , so widely distributed throughout the old 
vorld tropics, Asia and Africa, is far less common than in Africa. . M. 
mmilipes is a sylvan species peculiar to this part of the world. Desvoidya 
s well represented by species of which three have so far been found in 
Malaya. 
Of the mosquitoes found in small numbers Culex maculicrura is found 
dso in Africa and Queensland, and it is singular that the specimens of what 
s considered as an African genus, Mucidus, have been found on one occasion 
rnly here by Dr. Liecester, and that the specimens are apparently 
dentical with the Mucidus Mucidus of Central Africa. 
Breeding Grounds.— Some of the thicker-shelled eggs such as those of 
Stegomyia, Desvoidea, Wyeomyia, etc., can withstand protracted drought. 
Larvae vary, but many are capable of maintaining life in moist mud or 
[thick slime for a limited period, but for the hatching of eggs, growth and 
development of larvae and pupae of all mosquitoes, water is essential. 
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