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(a.) In the rapid mountain streams, particularly in the clear 
streams in the granite formation, few, but important, species are found. 
These include A. Treacherii and Nyssorhyncus Willmori. 
( b .) More sluggish streams found in the lower more gradual 
slopes of the mountains and from springs arising in these slopes. 
In these the water is often muddy and contains much organic matter 
1 suspension. Such streams where there is any obstruction or where a 
at piece of land is traversed form swampy expansions. In such streams 
nd expansions the mosquitoes vary in open country and in jungle. 
In jungle A . Tveacherii , N . Willmori , and N. Karwari , are common, rarely 
/. leucophyrus. 
Various Uranotaenia Culicina, etc., are found in such streams or their 
xpansions. 
In open country Myzorhynchus barbivostns, M. albirostris, and Celha Koclui, 
re more commonly found. 
Very similar mosquitoes are found in open trenches supplied in part 
>y streams at the road sides and leading to padi fields, etc. Some 
»f these Uvanotania Campcstris , some members of the genus Melanoconion and 
{onotiomyia are only found in such places. 
In the rivers few larvae are found. This is in marked contrast with 
Central and East Africa where the rivers are the main breeding grounds. 
The comparative scarcity of reeds and grasses with submerged roots may 
lave something to do with this, and the fouling of practically all the ri\ers 
,vith tailings from mines may also be an element. \\ here the rivers expand 
nto mangrove swamps a new series of mosquitoes are found which breed 
eadily in these expansions. 
The larger masses of water which are permanent are small natural 
akes and artificial pools left from mining or brickmaking, further artih- 
:ial collections are made by damming up streams either to or from artificial 
:ollections or to divert such streams for mining purposes. 
In such larger masses of water the mosquitoes found, vary ■with the 
nature of the bank. With clean steep banks and no growth at the edges 
mosquito larvae are not found, e.g., Ampang Reservoir. Y\ ith shallow 
sloping banks with growth to and beyond the water edges as Lake Sydney, 
various collections of water as at Seremban, etc., many mosquito larvae 
are found. 
Of the Anophelina M. albirostris, M. barbirostris , Nivipes Ccilia Koclui , 
and M. Karwavi , various Culiciia such as Taeniorhyncus Ayer and Tenax 
Melanoconion variatus and taerriata are also often present. 1 hey are found 
either with difficulty or in varying numbers, even when fish are present. 
In the artificial swampy areas in which rice is grown, most of the same 
species are found, and also M. Rossii in some instances. 
In water much fouled with mud or fine silt, such as swamps in mining 
land, M. Rossii is often the only representative of the Anophelines, but Cellia 
Kochii sometimes is present in large numbers. 
In other collections, determined in part by the proximity of human 
dwellings, cattlesheds, etc., different species may occur, and it is unsafe by 
mere inspection of such collections to predict the larvae that will be found. 
Smaller collections of water not in continuity with streams, but in low- 
lying land near streams or where the level of the subsoil water is high 
either permanently or for prolonged periods yield great variety of larvae. 
