[ 13 ] 
It will however, be observed that occasionally mosquitoes belonging to 
ie surrounding undrained district were found in the houses, though none 
f their breeding grounds were found near these houses. 
The occasional presence, in the absence of bamboos, of some of t e 
.amboo breeders at points on the coast has been alluded to. 
As regards crab holes it is noteworthy that, though a favourite haunt 
f certain species rarely found elsewhere, the members of the genus 
leinocerites , specially associated with Crab Holes in the \\ est Indies, were 
iot found here. 
Influence of Altitude. 
Observations were made at several points on the coast, in the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Kwala Lumpur and in several places in the jungle at distances 
p to 16 miles from it. At higher levels Bukit Kutu 3,400 feet and on both 
ides of the dividing ranges between Selangor and Pahang. 
A laro-e number of species were common to all altitudes and appear 
lependent rather on suitability of breeding grounds than on the altitude or 
trying temperature. Other mosquitoes are rare at the higher altitude, but 
:ommon on the plains and vice versa. 
Stegomyia scutellavis , Desvoidea fuscus and obtuvbans all the com- 
noner bamboo breeding mosquitoes, Megarhmus , Joxovhynchites Kolonemyia , 
Ivthopodomyia Wyeomyina, as well as the stream breeding Anopheles Treacheni 
ill occur where conditions are suitable as abundantly as at lower le\els an 
nore so with most species of Kolonomyia. On the dividing range at the 
Sap, 2,700 feet above the sea level, Dr. Leicester found several s P e ^ es 
)f a new genus. Topomyia probably a stream breeder. No species o is 
renus occur in the plains nor at the same elevation in the hills at Bukit 
Nature of the Ground. —Most of the hills and mountains are of granitic 
•ormation and composed of masses and boulders in various stages of decorn- 
position superficially. The streams and collections of water m such hi Is 
ire those considered. . . , , , 
In the lower hills, clay and laterite are the mam constituents and though 
in streams in such ground certain mosquitoes such as A. Treachm are 
comparatively rare, in other respects conditions are similar, and similar 
m0Sq in'somepia^fhere are hills composed of limestone much metamor¬ 
phosed. In such hills, streams are very rare. The ground is porous and 
the only collections of water are in the caves and deep holes in the rock. 
In these Stegomyia scutellavis larvae abound. In the jungle in the isolate 
limestone masses in the Kinta valley Stegomyia scutellavis and Culex 
biauvatus were the only mosquitoes found. , - , , .1 
Cleared Land.- In large cleared areas such as that formed by the 
groups of mines in the Kinta District, the number of mosquitoes is only 
excessive in villages and towns. In such places Culex fatigans is, as m other 
towns, the prevalent mosquito, but Stegomyia scutellavis and Myzomyta Rossn 
In the swamps, pools and streams, the water is usually more or less 
turbid from the finer “ tailings” discharged in the mining operations. 
In such places M. Rossii and Cellia Kochi are often abundant, and 
amongst other common mosquitoes are Culex mgrocephala, Culex gehdus, etc. 
