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5- The Indian water buffalo is a different shaped animal, and is easily 
recognised by the twisted and curled horn which usually curves irregularly 
bachwards They are imported mainiy-for milk, and a^e the breed known 
m India as Delhi buffaloes. 
,.,, T . he f distinctions of breed are of great importance as the suscepti¬ 
bility differs greatly and the course of the disease differs according to breed. 
Some breeds, such as the Malay buffalo, suffer most severely, others, as 
the bullocks, are the active agents in spreading the disease though they 
do not suffer so severely. ° y 
The Malay buffalo is by far the most susceptible and the Indian buffalo 
the least. In an epidemic in any group all or nearly all the Malay 
buffaloes are attacked and only the calves and a few adults of the Indian 
buffaloes. 
The mortality is greatest amongst the Malay buffaloes; 8 5 per cent, case 
mortality for these is low. Amongst the Siamese cattle there is considerable 
variation, but on the average about half the cases recover and a rather larger 
proportion of the better class of Indian cattle. About 25 per cent, of Hie 
Indian buffalo calves die, but few of the full grown buffaloes. 
The Bali bullocks are susceptible and all attacked have died, but the 
numbers observed are too small for comparative purposes. 
1 he Course of the Disease .—As this varies greatly it is simpler to describe 
first the severe form, that seen in Malay buffaloes, in detail, and then 
consider the differences in the other breeds of cattle. 
Period of Incubation. 1 his is well known to be from inoculation a period 
3 to 4 days. Infection in a natural manner is more difficult to ascertain but 
appears to be less regular. The actual date of onset as determined by onset 
of characteristic symptoms is often not definite, but, though only shown at 
first by a rise of temperature, is really sudden. 
From several series in which the temperature of all animals was taken 
daily the period of incubation appears to be usually 4 to 6 days but may be 
as long as 8. In buffaloes 5 days seems to be the common period It is 
highly exceptional for the first attack as indicated by the rise of tempera¬ 
ture to occur amongst a group of contacts 7 days after removal from the 
source of infection. The animal may not appear to be ill for two or more 
days after this and may even be able to work for 4 days or more, and in such 
cases as the early stages are overlooked, the period of incubation will appear 
to be longer. This is more often the case with bullocks. The buffalo usually 
is obviously ill 24 to 36 hours after the onset of the disease. 
During *-he P er i°d of incubation the animal appears to be in perfect 
health. F 
Onset m the Malay Buffalo.—As tested by the thermometer the onset of 
the disease is sudden. An animal whose temperature has previously been 
normal is found to have a temperature over 103 or 104 or even over 105° F. 
At this stage there may be absolutely no other sign of illness, but more 
frequently there is some exaggeration of the usual congestion of the con¬ 
junctiva, and if motions are passed they will be harder than normal. The 
animal will still feed and ruminate in a natural manner and does not seem 
more depressed than a quiescent buffalo usually is. In this early stage even 
an expert veterinary surgeon used to this buffalo and on the look out for 
fresh cases may easily overlook such early cases. Symptoms rapidly 
