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supervene, mainly manifestations of gastro-intestinal disease and affections 
of the visible mucous surfaces. The conjuctiva becomes intensely congested 
and there is a free watery discharge, which becomes thicker and by the third 
or fourth day is muco-purulent. There is discharge from the mouth and 
nose also at first watery but becoming thicker and more muco-purulent, and 
the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose are congested. On the 
inner aspect of the lips and especially towards the canthi there are often 
patches of adherent granular material. On the forcible removal of this 
layer by rubbing it the mucous membrane beneath is seen to be markedly 
congested and sometimes excoriated or superficially ulcerated. 
The temperature is maintained usually over 104, and there is little or 
no morning remission. 
The animal may feed for the first 24 hours, but the amount of food 
taken is below the average. After the second day little or no food will be 
taken and only occasionally will the animal ruminate and then only for 
brief periods. There is excessive thirst. The animal is obviously depressed 
and stands with drooping head taking little notice of surroundings. 
Occasionally the animal may become violently maniacal. 
The early stage of constipation rarely lasts for more than 24 hours, and 
usually some 36 hours after the first rise of temperature diarrhoea sets in 
and rapidly becomes profuse. The motions are offensive. At first they are 
loose and watery, but soon are mixed with mucus and mixed or streaked 
with blood, and may contain flakes or shreds of mucous membrane. In 
character as the disease advances the motions are more and more dysenteric 
and are passed with much straining and tenesmus, and often the animal 
shows obvious signs of abdominal pain. 
Death may occur on the fourth day of the disease and is said to occur 
even on the second or third, but is most usual on the fifth or sixth. 
The temperature a few hours before death rapidly falls and often becomes 
subnormal. 
The great majority, in some outbreaks practically all, die, but if death 
does not^occur before the eighth day the prognosis becomes much more 
favourable though deaths do occur amongst animals apparently convalescent 
up to at least 14 days after the onset of the illness. 
In illustration of the extreme susceptibility and the virulence of the 
disease in Malay buffaloes are the epidemics at Dusun Tua, where 7 animals 
out of 9 were attacked and all died. At Port Swettenham in the 
Quarantine Station 24 were attacked and 21 died, or 86 per cent. I here were 
6 other buffaloes in the shed but these were killed at the rate of two daily 
for beef before they had time to acquire the disease so that the proportion 
attacked cannot be definitely ascertained. In the Selangor outbreak the 
onlv Malay buffaloes, 8, known to have been in contact with infected 
bullocks acquired the disease and all died. 
Morbid Anatomy .—In addition to the lesions observable during life the 
post-mortem examination shows extensive implication of the gastro¬ 
intestinal tract. In the abdomen there was excess of clear fluid in the 
peritoneal cavity and usually some recent formation of fibrous lymph. The 
changes never amounted to acute peritonitis. The mesenteric glands were 
enlarged and in some cases there were haemorrhages in them. The 
pharynx and oesophagus were usually congested. There were no definite 
lesions in the first three stomachs, but the fourth, the abomasum, was 
invariably the seat of severe lesions. It was always intensely congested 
