[ 4 ] 
cind showed submucous haemorrhages varying in size and number in 
different cases. In some of these cases there was destruction of the mucous 
membrane over part of the larger of these haemorrhagic areas forming- 
ulcers, and in other cases there -was micro or macroscopic evidence of 
necrosis. In a few cases there was definite ulceration independently of the 
haemon hagic areas. 1 he vessels leading from these ulcers were in some 
cases filled with antemortem thrombus. 
The duodenum was acutely congested, and the changes in some cases 
were as acute as in the abomasum and then there was also ulceration. 
d he small intestines in a slighter degree were more or less congested, 
but ulceration in any part but the duodenum was highly exceptional. Peyer’s 
patches were not markedly enlarged and in no cases were they ulcerated. 
1 he caecum and large intestine were preferential sites for acute lesions. 
1 he whole course from the Caecum to the Rectum was congested, and 
patechiae and ecchymoses occurred in some cases down the whole extent. 
These ecchymoses are usually arranged longitudinally down the bowel. 
1 he changes were most marked in the majority of cases in the caecum and 
rectum. Actual ulceration of the caecum was not common but in the 
rectum was present in nearly all cases, and the lesions were marked, 
extensive, and sometimes deep. 
The liver, beyond congestion and cloudy swelling, showed no changes 
w here death occurred in the earlier stages of the disease, but in cases where 
death occurred later fatty degeneration was found. The gall-bladder was 
usually distended with bile but in some cases haemorrhage had taken place 
into the cavity and in all acute cases the mucous membrane was injected, 
much congested, and patechiae or submucous haemorrhages were present. 
The changes were not unlike those met with in the abomasum, but 
ulceration was only seen in two cases. 
I he spleen was not enlarged. The kidneys were much congested. 
The trachea was usually injected and some congestion of the lungs 
present with extensive emphysematous areas. Subpleural ecchymoses were 
not uncommon but were rarely extensive or numerous. Definite consolida¬ 
tion of large areas, acute lobar pneumonia, was found in some cases but in 
so small a proportion that it must be considered as a complication not as 
part of the disease. 
The heart muscles were friable and small patechiae were sometimes 
found under either parietal or visceral pericardium and under the 
endocardium. No subcutaneous or intramuscular haemorrhages were found, 
and no signs of suppuration or localised swellings either in the tissues 
of the neck or elsewhere. 
The above description applies only to the Malay buffalo, and it applies 
equally to cases in which the infection was derived from bullocks and 
from other Malay buffaloes. 
In Siamese and Indian cattle the disease runs a milder course and in 
fatal cases the lesions are less severe. So great is the difference that, except 
for the communicability of the disease from cattle to buffaloes and vice versa, 
doubt might be entertained as to the identity of the disease. 
The period of incubation is much the same but early cases are very rare and 
6 or y days is the more usual period. The duration is less certain than in the 
Malay buffalo for the sudden rise of temperature marking the onset though usual 
is not always present, and the marked symptoms are often delayed in their 
appearance to the fourth or fifth day after the onset of the disease. 
