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TRYPANOSOMES FOUND IN A COW IN ENGLAND. 
By ALFRED C. COLES, M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. Ed., M.R.C.P. Lond. 
(With Plate XII.) 
History. Trypanosomes have been cultured from the blood of cattle 
in many parts of the world; in Germany, Denmark, Greece, Holland, 
France, Russia, Japan, the Philippines, Siberia, Algeria, Tunis, the 
United States and Brazil. But in only a few cases have the actual 
parasites been found in the circulating blood. From the scanty literature 
at my disposal, but especially from the Sleeping Sickness Bulletin, 
I find that the following observers have found and described the 
trypanosomes in the blood. 
S. Stockman (1910) inoculated ten pedigree English cattle going to 
South Africa with Piroplasma. Nine of them showed piroplasms in 
their red corpuscles. In the blood films of six of these trypanosomes were 
found, in one instance nine days after the inoculation, and noted for 
a period of eight days. 
The length of the parasite was about 50 p, the breadth 2'5 p. The 
posterior extremity was pointed, and at the anterior end there was a 
long flagellum. The undulating membrane was very distinct. Stock- 
man states that the parasite is not to be distinguished morphologically 
from Trypanosoma theileri. Attempts at cultivation on artificial media 
failed. He points out that the discovery suggests that some of the 
British blood-sucking flies may be capable of acting as true carriers of 
trypanosomes. 
Frank, in July 1908, whilst examining some pathological material 
from an ox sent from Westerwald and suspected to contain B. anthracis, 
found actively motile trypanosomes. These were characterised especially 
by the drawn out and pointed posterior end resembling a flagellum. 
M. Mayer (1910) points out that this belongs to the T. theileri grong 
which vary in length from 30-70/r. 
