248 
Trypanosomes in a Cow 
Knuth and Rauchbaar (1910)-examined 69 smears taken from 
97 animals, 48 of which were cattle, to see if they could find T.franki, 
but with negative results. 
Peter (1910), whilst Veterinary Surgeon to Liebig’s Extract of Meat 
Co. in Uruguay, from 1904-1909, found trypanosomes in cattle. These 
had the following characters. Length 30-60 //,. The aflagellar end is 
sharply pointed, in the larger forms long and beak-like, in the smaller 
short and hook-shaped. The blepharoplast is longish or round and is 
sometimes near the posterior end, sometimes near the nucleus. The 
nucleus lies exactly in the middle of the body: it is most frequently 
oval in shape and placed somewhat obliquely, or it is round. The free 
part of the flagellum attains the length of 15 /a. Multiplication stages 
are seldom seen in the circulating blood. Most of the cattle were 
Herefords or Shorthorns. The natural infection was found in seven 
cattle and in each case the disease was detected in the slaughter-house, 
the presence of a splenic tumour leading to the examination of the blood 
and spleen pulp. In two instances piroplasmata were found as well as 
trypanosomes: the latter were always very scarce. Peter (1910) would 
place this trypanosome in the T. theileri group. 
Paul Behn (1910), during researches on the trypanosomes occurring 
in German cattle, in which Knuth, Rauchbaar and Morgenstern showed 
the presence of trypanosomes by cultural methods, found a large 
trypanosome in a cow. Its total length was 55 ya, breadth 12 /a, free 
flagellum 12 /a. The macronucleus was placed transversely, with the 
blepharoplast situated 4 /a behind it. Behn was unable to find another 
individual in this preparation in spite of long examination. 
Wrublewski (1908) described a trypanosome found in the blood of 
a dead Lithuanian bison. 
Harold Crawley (1912) under the name of “ Trypanosoma americanum, 
a common Blood parasite of American cattle,” describes trypanosomes 
which he obtained by cultural methods from cattle in the United States. 
An attempt was made to discover the trypanosome in freshly drawn 
blood which was centrifuged, and preparations were obtained in which 
the leucocytes were as abundant as the red corpuscles. Six different 
animals were used, and a large number of fresh preparations were 
examined, but no trypanosomes were ever found: this nevertheless is 
believed to be the most efficient method. When, however, stained 
smears were examined trypanosomes were found in two slides out of 25. 
Crawley gives the following description of the trypanosomes. “ As to 
the morphology of the blood forms, a selection of 14 gave an average 
