D. L. MACKINNON 
285 
Reagent 
Spirochaeta 
Effect on Spirochaete 
Observer 
7. Eau de Javelle 
S. buccalis, etc. 
... No effect 
Hoffmann and 
Prowazek. 
S. marchouxi 
... No effect at first, but after a time become 
Prowazek. 
knotted and twisted up 
8. Hydrochloric 
S. buccalis, etc. 
Swell somewhat 
Hoffmann and 
acid (dilute) 
Become paler ... 
Prowazek. 
Swellengrebel. 
9. Nitric acid (di¬ 
S. buccalis, etc. 
... Dissolve 
Hoffmann and 
lute) 
In 1 : 5 solution become paler 
Prowazek. 
Swellengrebel. 
10. Sulphuric acid 
S. balbianii 
Periplast dissolved af(ter 3 hours : un¬ 
Fantham. 
(concentrated) 
dulating membrane not especially soon 
dissolved : nuclear core remained 
11. Acetic acid 
S. balbianii 
... Not dissolved: retain shape for long 
Fantham. 
(strong) 
time : a certain amount of fraying 
12. Acid carb. li- 
S. marchouxi 
... No effect. (Other acids produce no effect 
Prowazek. 
quefact 
either) 
13. Iodine 
S. balbianii 
Stain brown: in iodine + concentrated 
Fantham. 
sulphuric acid stain light yellow, and 
retain shape for long time 
S. marchouxi 
... Stain yellow like bacteria ... 
Prowazek. 
14. Sublimate 1 , Ly- 
S. buccalis, etc. 
... In antiseptics break up into numerous 
Wechselmann and 
sol, and other 
short individuals 
Lowenthal. 
antiseptics 
S. pallida 
... Become immobile 
Eitmer. 
In sublimate (1 : 1000) are killed, but 
Prowazek. 
not dissolved 
In sublimate (1 : 1000) all spirochaetes in 
tissues are not in 10 °/ 0 solution, no 
swelling or maceration, but become 
thin and strikingly paler 
Siebert. 
15. Alcohol 
S. pallida 
... In 30 °/ 0 die quickly 
Eitmer. 
16. Glycerine 
S. balanitidis 
... Die quickly without losing curves, though 
Hoffmann and 
these become somewhat flattened 
Prowazek. 
Become immobile 
Muller and Scher- 
ber. 
S. marchouxi 
... In 40 °/ 0 solution majority contract, 
some die, while others take on peculiar 
tangled form, but continue mobile. 
(Still infective after 12 hours) 
Prowazek. 
S. pallida 
... Some not killed, but altered to spindle- 
Schaudinn. 
shaped forms 
Even in 10 °/ 0 solution spirochaetes Eitmer. 
stretch out quickly, lose their mobility 
and remain in this condition; NaCl 
solution fails to revive them, and they 
are uninfective 
S. vespertilionis ... Do not live long: stretch out, or first Gonder. 
stretch and then contract together 
1 Wechselmann and Lowenthal also state that the mercury treatment causes S. pallida to break up 
into fragments. 
t 
