A. E. Shipley 
265 
found in the smaller and younger swellings. In the earlier stages a 
cell-infiltration envelopes the head of the Davainea in the nodule. 
Moore dwells upon the wide prevalence of this disease and the chances 
of its being mistaken for tuberculous disease in fowls. He states that 
it “ is highly probable that the total loss it occasions both from deaths 
and from the shrinkage of poultry products, due to the chronic course 
of the disease it produces, is very large.” 
Hymenolepis microps (Diesing). 
We found the second tapeworm, which exists in any abundance in 
grouse, in September 1905. It had hitherto escaped the notice of the 
numerous observers who have for years been working at grouse disease. 
Its name is Hymenolepis microps (Diesing, 1850) and it lives in 
countless numbers in the duodenum, yet it is unrecognizable when alive. 
In this state the contents of the duodenum resembles a thick puree. If 
to this puree we add corrosive sublimate the tapeworms, which are so 
transparent when alive as to be invisible, slowly whiten and reveal 
themselves as countless fine opaque threads each with one end—the 
head end—sunk in the walls of the alimentary canal. H. microps is a 
vei'y fine, fragile but long, worm attaining at times a length of 15 cms. 
and it consists of an enormous number of proglottides. The head like 
the head of D. urogalli has a rostellum and four suckers, but the 
rostellum is alone armed with hooks. These are very numerous, some 
16 y in length, very sharply pointed and shaped like slightly curved 
bayonets. In transverse sections of the duodenal wall of a grouse 
infested with these tapeworms, one sees the head “ nuzzling ” down 
between the villi. 
Nematoda. 
Passing to the thread—or round—worms which infest the alimen¬ 
tary tract of grouse, here again we find three species, one of which, 
Syngamus trachealis von Siebold, is so rare as to be negligible; another 
species Trichosomcb longicolle Rudolphi is so difficult to see that all 
previous observers overlooked it, and we ourselves did not find it for 
months, although when once found we had little difficulty in finding 
it again and again; and a third species Trichostrongylus pergracilis 
(Cobbold) known to the older observers and the apparent cause of 
profound disease in the grouse. 
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