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attached to the inner face of the intestinal wall that it required some 
slight force to withdraw it, this was due to its head-end being sunk in 
the mucus and coiled or wrapped round the villi. He found no evidence 
of lesions nor any solution of the continuity of the mucosa. Since 
Wichmann’s time methods of research have improved and attention 
has been more closely focussed on the problem. Weinberg, whilst 
allowing that in many cases the whip-like fore-end of the body is 
simply hidden in the mucus, maintains also that “ il y a des trichocephales 
qui sont si bien fixes qu’en essayant de les detacher ou arrive plutot 
a separer le tron 9 on terminal de leur partie antbrieure.” In fact he 
maintains that the whip-worm is always fixed on the mucosa, and 
certainly some specimens we have at Cambridge confirm this statement. 
At times the anterior end passes through the mucosa and appearing again 
as a needle may be threaded through a curtain, at other times it hid 
its anterior end in a canal burrowed out in the mucous lining. Girard 
(1901, p. 265) has recorded finding two whip-worms in the extirpated 
appendix of a girl of eight, one worm had penetrated the mucosa and 
there was much inflammation about the lesion, numbers of mono- and 
polynuclear leucocytes and a copious bacterial flora were aggregated 
there. A similar inflammatory centre, surrounding the point of entrance 
of a whip-worm into the mucous layer of an idiot dead at the Vaucluse 
Asylum, has been described by Vigouroux and Collet (1905, p. 270). 
Kaposi (1902) attributes a case of an appendicitis to the intervention 
of T. trichiurus. Moore (1906, p. 364) has recorded a case of appendici¬ 
tis in which a “small worm was found ”...“identified by Dr Thursfield 
as Trichocephalus dispar." Oui (1906) found two specimens with their 
heads deeply embedded in the mucous layer in another appendix, and 
Kahane (1907) communicates the case of an appendix which on 
examination showed inflammation and in which were a number of 
specimens of T. trichiurus, some free and some embedded in the mucosa. 
Amongst the most interesting cases are some recorded by Weinberg 
on the presence of nematode parasites in apes and monkeys. These 
animals are very subject to parasites and are very frequently infested 
with T. trichiurus as are also Lemurs. He gives a figure of the interior 
of the caecum of a Macacus cynocephalus which is riddled with scores of 
specimens of this worm. The monkey died after two days of fever and 
was at once examined, when all the organs were found congested. The 
caecum and colon contained hundreds of whip-worms, and histological 
investigation showed that the points of fixation of these worms were 
centres of inflammation which extended deeply into the wall of the 
