A. E. Shipley 
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abundant in the intestines of typhoid patients except in children and 
that in them Ascaris seems to take its place as an inoculating agent. 
The recognition of this association is no new thing. Roederer and 
Wagler in 1792 gave the earliest account of the “ morbus mucosus ” or 
typhoid fever, and they attributed the epidemic to the presence of the 
large number of intestinal worms ( Trichocephalus ) which on making 
autopsies were found in the alimentary tract. Pinel (1807) indicates that 
one should always suspect the presence of ‘ vers intestinaux ’ in cases of 
fevers of the mucous lining. Davaine has further noted the association 
of typhoid and worms, and other observers to the same effect are quoted 
by Guiart and Grimbert (1906). 
An interesting confirmation of Guiart and Grimbert’s views as to 
the part played by entozoa in typhoid fever is found in the following 
experiment of Weinberg (1906). Typhoid bacilli were given to two apes, 
one of which quickly died of septicaemia, the other survived repeated 
doses of the bacilli for 33 days, during which time its temperature rose 
at evening from 38\9° C. to 39‘6° C. but there was nothing characteristic 
in the temperature chart. When the ape died (33rd day) the post 
mortem showed in the ileum a number of ulcerated Peyer’s patches 
which presented the characteristic features of typical typhoid lesions in 
various stages of their evolution. The lower end of the duodenum and 
the upper end of the jejunum of this ape were full of a mass of tape¬ 
worms, some of which were found fixed at the level of the ulcerations. 
The caecum and the colon contained a great number of Trichocephalus. 
Examination of the blood and of the spleen by cultures demonstrated 
the presence of the typhoid bacillus and microscopic investigation of the 
ulcerations in the intestine confirmed the presence of the same germ in 
its walls ; they also occurred in the small ulcerations which surrounded 
the point where the heads of the tapeworms were embedded. The 
authorities at the Pasteur Institute were satisfied that this was a true 
case of typhoid, and this is the more interesting as Grunbaum 
(1904) although he succeeded with an ape, failed to give a Macacus 
typhoid, though apparently Chantemesse and Ramond (1897) had 
succeeded previously. Soloukha more recently working under the 
same conditions, and with B. typhosus, failed to convey the disease 
to an ape. Weinberg concludes that success in his case was due to 
the fact that the burrowing into the mucosa of the taenia’s head 
and suckers afforded a port of entry for the germs to the tissues, where 
they set up the ulcerations, and he states that there were masses of the 
