G. H. F. Nuttall, W. F. Cooper and L. E. Robinson 351 
REFERENCES. 
Batelli, A. (1891). Note anatomo-fisiologiche sugli Ixodini. Communieazione 
Preventiva (second part). Monitore Zoologico Italiano , n. 1 figure in text. 
Nuttall, G. H. F., Cooper, W. F. and Robinson, L. E. (1908). The structure 
and biology of Haemaphysalis punctata, Canestrini and Fanzago. i. Parasitology 
i. pp. 152—181, Pis. XII—XVI and figs, in text. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES XXII—XXIII. 
PLATE XXII. 
Fig. 1. Haemaphysalis punctata ¥ . Right spiracle as seen in transmitted light; the 
arrow indicates the direction of longitudinal axis. Photomicrograph (L. E. R.) x 220. 
Fig. 2. Haemaphysalis punctata ¥ . Horizontal section through right spiracle passing 
in a slightly oblique plane and cutting the different layers successively; the arrow 
indicates the direction of the longitudinal axis. Photomicrograph (L. E. R.) x 220. 
Fig. 3. Haemaphysalis punctata ¥ . Transverse section through spiracle (not passing 
through macula) showing characters of external, internal and marginal pores. 
(L. E. R. del.) x 300. 
Fig. 4. Small portion of Fig. 2, highly magnified, showing regular arrangement of 
pedicels, etc. Photomicrograph (L. E. R.) x 500. 
PLATE XXIII. 
Chitinous structures of spiracle—black: general cuticle of body—line-shaded: soft 
tissues—stippled: air spaces—clear. 
Figs. 1—8. Haemaphysalis punctata ¥ • A series of transverse sections passing through 
the central portion of the spiracle, showing communications between the various air 
spaces, the atrium and tracheae, etc. x 100. 
Figs. 9—10. Haemaphysalis punctata ¥ . Longitudinal sections passing through the 
macula on external side of ostium, Fig. 10 being the more internal of the two. x 100. 
INDEX TO LETTERING ON PLATES XXII—XXI11. 
a. atrium. 
col. columella. 
e. p. external pores. 
i.p. internal pores. 
m. macula. 
m. p. marginal pores. 
os. ostium. 
p. pedicels. 
p. s. pyriform spaces. 
pc. s. pericolumellar space. 
tr. tracheae. 
* (PI. XXII, Fig. 1) indicates external wall of atrium, seen through thickness of 
spiracular plate. 
The arrows on PI. XXII, Figs. 1 and 2 indicate the direction of the longitudinal axis 
of the spiracle. 
