364 
Filaria volvulus 
In group A there are two pairs of pre-anal, and two pairs of post- 
anal papillae, all lying close together and almost touching one another. 
Occasionally the third papilla (i.e. the one immediately posterior to the 
cloaca) is situated more internally than the other three pairs, thus 
giving the deceptive appearance of three pairs only. This apparently 
has misled Fiilleborn since he concludes that there are only three pairs. 
Group B contains two pairs of papillae situated at the tip of the tail; 
one pair being subterminal and ventral, and the other pair terminal 
and lateral. Midway, however, between the tip of the tail and the 
cloaca we have noted another large papilla, situated somewhat on the 
left side of the middle line, but having no corresponding papilla on the 
right side. The characters of this papilla, including the presence in it 
of a nerve fibril, leave no room for doubt that it is a true papilla, and not 
an artifact. The spicules are two in number and unequal in shape 
and size. They have been well delineated by Fiilleborn. The larger 
spicule measures '23 mm. in length and ends in a sharp fluted point: 
the smaller measures '08 mm. in length and ends in a club shaped 
knob. 
Filaria volvulus . 
Table of comparative measurements. 
Author 
Profit 
Length 
of worm 
30-25 mm.— 
30'35 mm. 
Length of 
large spicule 
Length of 
small spicule 
0-082 mm. 
Tip of tail 
to cloaca 
Greatest 
diameter 
Diameter 
of head 
Braun 
30—35 mm. 
— 
— 
— 
0T4 mm. 
0-04 mm. 
Fiilleborn 
— 
0T66 mm. 
0'08 mm. 
0-07 mm. 
— 
0-048 mm. 
Parsons 
20—32 mm. 
0-23 mm. 
0-08 mm. 
0'07 mm. 
2 mm. 
0-04 mm. 
Female. The extraction of a whole female worm is a matter of the 
greatest difficulty, and we were unable to obtain a complete specimen. 
This difficulty has been also experienced by other workers. Though 
they give certain lengths, there is room for doubt as to the correctness 
of their figures. Thus Prout’s measurement of 16 inches has already 
been noticed (p. 362); Leuckart’s specimen measured 60—70 cm., 
while Vedy (1906) gives 18 cm. as the length of his specimen. The 
longest portion of female worm that we were able to obtain measured 
four inches. 
The greater part of the female worm has a uniform width of 0'3 mm. 
but the anterior end becomes narrow and whip like, differing very little 
