G. A. Turner 
213 
taken from bodies proved microscopically to have the ova in the bladder 
was only 270 75 grammes. The figures are too few to place much 
reliance on them, but they strike one as peculiar. Of the other parts 
connected with the genito-urinary system, I shall refer to : 
Prostate gland. I have frequently found a few nests of terminal 
spined ova in this gland. I have not seen any marked naked-eye 
lesion in it, and my attention has not been called to it clinically in any 
way. 
Urethra. Though I have examined the lining membrane of this 
tube microscopically on several occasions, I have never found it to be 
affected. But I note that in other countries the urethra is sometimes 
attacked. 
Foreskin. On several occasions I noticed a hypertrophied condition 
of the foreskin, which I suspected to be caused by Bilharzial infection 
but I have never confirmed the diagnosis. 
Alimentary canal. The large intestine is the portion of the 
alimentary canal most frequently affected. In some cases the mucous 
membrane of the lower bowel is acutely congested, without any evidence 
of ulceration. At other times the whole surface seems honey-combed 
with clear punched-out ulcers of about the size of a split pea. In 
others again, there is a granulating condition, reminding one of the 
surface of the skin following a burn, in that state which, as a student, 
I was taught should be rubbed with bluestone before any attempt 
should be made to skin graft. At a later stage to this a papillomatous 
condition is found, reminding one of haemorrhoids. 
Besides these acute conditions a stage is often found, which I 
believe corresponds to the chronic sandy stage in the urinary system— 
black leaden-coloured patches of mucous membrane without ulceration, 
a deep scraping from which shows black lateral spined ova. In some, 
this pigmented state may be so marked that the whole surface of the 
mucous membrane looks like a strip of black velvet. This peculiar 
colouration has always been associated with lateral spined ova. As in 
the bladder, so in the intestines the various coats are greatly hyper¬ 
trophied. 
I have not looked for the disease in other parts of the alimentary 
tract, but Dr May, the Government Bacteriologist, examined a cyst 
from the stomach of an imported Chinaman, which contained terminal 
spined ova. 
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