256 
Cultivation of Piroplasma 
on the second, there can be observed a certain number of peculiar cells 
which occupy the upper layer of the sedimented corpuscles and which 
microscopically appear as a series of white dots. Very few motile forms 
resembling trypanosomata are visible in these cells on the third day of 
incubation, but thereafter the trypanosomata multiply vigorously and 
reach the maximum number between the tenth and fourteenth day.” 
“ In a culture kept at room temperature, the trypanosomata remain 
motile until 45 days later, at this time most of them have undergone 
degeneration and globular cells with irregular granulation result.” 
When kept at 10—20 3 C. the trypanosomes were alive after a lapse 
of three months. 
Miyajima states that he was able to maintain the parasites alive in 
subcultures as Novy and others had done with Tr. lewisi. 
According to Miyajima Tlieileria parva therefore appears to develop 
into a trypanosome under cultural conditions in blood added to broth. 
Nine of the 21 native cattle examined showed Tlieileria parva and 
from the blood of seven out of the nine trypanosomes were obtained in 
cultures. The transplantation of a single loopful of blood was sufficient 
to secure a positive culture. The development described by Miyajima 
appears to be extremely rapid, After three days at 25° C. the diminutive 
Tlieileria is stated to have attained or exceeded the size of a red blood 
corpuscle, and to have become actively amoeboid. Very large vacuolated 
cells appear after 20 hours and curious crescentic bodies after 48 hours 
which give rise to typical flagellates. After 72 hours besides the 
nucleus and blepharoplast the flagellates exhibit an undulating mem¬ 
brane and can be seen to divide longitudinally, gradually giving rise to 
large colonies. 
As controls Miyajima examined 200 cattle but Tlieileria were not 
found in blood films and trypanosomes did not develop in cultures. 
Miyajima confirmed the observations which have been made in 
other countries that Tlieileria cannot be transmitted to clean animals 
by blood inoculations. On the other hand he found that two out of 
three clean calves inoculated with cultures containing the trypanosomes 
became infected in eight days with red-water. One of these animals 
gave a positive result with cultures (development of trypanosomes) 
17 days before the appearance of Tlieileria in its blood upon microscopic 
examination. If Miyajima’s observations are correct they are certainly 
most interesting and remarkable, but a certain amount of scepticism 
appears justified until they have been extended and confirmed by other 
workers. It will be remembered that Schaudinn (1904, p. 438, see 
