308 
Piroplasmosis in Cattle 
villages under exactly the same conditions. Information obtained 
from natives is of course unreliable, but judging from data collected 
in villages where the sickness had been most prevalent, it was gathered 
that the mortality would appear to have been about 10 per cent., and 
occurred among adult animals. 
Symptoms. The disease is usually of an acute nature, the animal 
being rapidly reduced so that death may occur in three or four days 
after the first appearance of symptoms. Others again recover after a 
few days’ illness, and at the end of a week appear normal. In some 
a chronic condition supervenes, the animal lingering on for months, 
ultimately recovering, or in other cases dying. The coat is staring, the 
hump limp, and the head hanging down; running from the eyes and 
nostrils is commonly seen. The beast continues to feed to within 
24 hours of death; its gait becomes more unsteady as the disease 
progresses, and later it drops to the ground unable to rise again. 
Respiration is rapid and accompanied by a certain amount of dyspnoea. 
The bowels are often constipated, but diarrhoea may supervene; occa¬ 
sionally mucus and blood have been observed in the stools. The 
urine may be of a red colour, but “ redwater ” has not been noticed by 
natives. 
Post-Mortem Examination reveals conditions differing only in degree, 
characterised by a haemorrhagic oedematous process and enlargement 
of the gall-bladder. A varying amount of fluid is found in the serous 
cavities; small subpleural, subpericardial and subperitoneal haemor¬ 
rhages, about 1—10 mm. in diameter, are found. The lungs and heart 
show no macroscopical changes. The liver presented no haemorrhages 
under its peritoneal covering, its substance appeared normal (some 
mottling in one case), and no haemorrhages nor infarcts were observed. 
The gall-bladder and its duct together with the bile passages were all 
dilated, the former in marked degree, with haemorrhage and oedema 
in its walls; denudation of epithelium had occurred and it contained 
much mucus; the bile passages were much dilated and sacculated with 
fibroid and calcareous changes in the walls. In these and in the gall¬ 
bladder numerous flukes were present. The kidneys and ureters were 
surrounded by a haemorrhagic oedema, more or less marked. On 
section, the kidneys showed minute subcapsular haemorrhages with 
haemorrhagic oedema in the neighbourhood of the hilum; in some 
cases no changes were present in or around the kidneys. There were 
no definite infarcts. The urinary bladder appeared normal but con¬ 
tained urine of a reddish tinge suggesting the presence of blood 
