10 
Filaria loa 
organs. Like Ludwig, and differing from Looss, we find very delicate 
transverse striae in the tail of the female. In one female (Fig. 3), the 
posterior oviduct passes to the very tip of the tail, and these striae are 
not seen so clearly as in the other (Fig. 5) wherein the posterior oviduct 
tux’ns upon itself to pass forward without entering the curved portion of 
the tail. Naturally in the latter more light may pass through the tail, 
making careful observation of both layers of the cuticle less difficult, and 
thus accounting for the above difference between Ludwig and Looss 
because in the former’s specimen the posterior oviduct did not pass back 
into the curved portion of the tail while in the latter’s specimen 
it did. 
Like Ward’s and Billet’s but differing from that of Looss’ our male 
presents a distinctly well-curved tail (Fig. 8). In regard to the cir¬ 
cumanal papillae of the male and their arrangement we, like Manson, do 
not find such marked asymmetry that we should lay stress upon it. 
When we carefully observed the papillae from the ventral aspect they 
appeared symmetrical but one might easily judge those on the left side 
to be larger and less close together. We do not find anything to 
indicate the appearance of orifices on the summits of the largest pair of 
papillae as Billet did. Like Ozzard, we find the anus of the female at a 
greater distance from the tip of the tail than does Looss. 
In the main we can corroborate Looss’ anatomical descriptions. 
Probably through a typographical error Looss refers to the embryo 
as 0'035 mm. to 0'37 mm. x 0'022 mm. The 0 37 mm. should be 
0'037 mm. We were fortunate enough to observe some free embryos 
(Fig. 6) and like Ludwig we find them to have distinct sheaths. This 
seems important as Manson at one time did not believe the embryo 
had a sheath. 
The drawings or sketches of Filaria loa copied in most treatises on 
parasites are generally misleading. The spicules are I’epresented as 
of similar size and disproportionately long. The cuticular bosses and 
circumanal papillae are represented disproportionately large. The 
bosses, sometimes called tubercles or buckles, appear to us to be 
elevations of a portion of the outer layer of the cuticle and their 
contents are absolutely clear and do not show any cellular structure. 
At this point we should call attention to the fact that the vulva is 
not at the junction of the anterior one-fourth with the posterior three- 
fourths of the body as erroneously stated in The Animal Parasites of 
Man (Braun®, 1906). Ludwig is responsible for this mistake as he 
could not find the genital opening of the female and decided that it 
