3G 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. VII. 
The pounded ore was then placed in a basket and washed by hand, by which means most 
of the lighter impurities, chiefly quartz and felspar, were removed. Subsequently after 
drying, it was sifted in a chop (winnowing basket) to separate the remaining sand. When 
a sufficient amount of ore had been accumulated, it was smelted with charcoal in an ordinaiy 
aguria’s furnace, the charges being the same as those used in iron smelting. The tin, 
after being run out and cooled with water, was broken up, the clean metal laid aside pre¬ 
paratory to casting, and the rest, which was much mixed with charcoal, returned to the 
furnace. The clean tin was re-melted in a large open iron vessel and ladled out into moulds, 
holding about 40 lbs. of metal each. Altogether only about twelve maunds of tin was 
produced, as I was informed by a native of the place who had worked under Mr. Deveria. 
Magnetic iron .—There are a few ferruginous bands scattered through the gneiss, 
containing a certain proportion of magnetic iron. I have not observed any very rich ores, 
although poorer ones are often smelted by the native “ agurias.” Magnetite is also sometimes 
disseminated through the gneiss itself in small quantity, and collects in some of the stream 
beds to a trifling extent. 
SUBHETAMORJHICS. 
Relations to Metamorphics .—The difficult question of the relations between the 
metamorphies and submetamorphics is one which must eventually be decided by a review of 
the entire area, or at least of a large portion thereof, unless, indeed, we are fortunate enough 
to obtain some crucial sections which will prove a key to the solution of the problem. Such 
sections, however, are not available in our present ground. 
Starting with the identification of theMahabar schists and quartzites with those of 
Kajgfr and Karakpur as suggested by Mr. Medlicott, we shall find that whatever may be 
the case elsewhere, there are no indications here of strongly marked unconformity to the 
gneiss. Taking, for instance, the line of junction between the quartzite and gneiss north of 
Ga wan, wo see that it bends round successively from N. W. to N. E., E., S. E. and E. N. E„ 
the strike of each rock being throughout parallel to the boundary ; and not only do they agree 
in strike, but also in dip. Along the greatest portion of the above line the gneiss underlies 
the quartzite; but near Gawan, and also at Hard/ha, the reverse is the case (the strata here 
being inverted); throughout also, whether the dip be natural or inverted, it is equal in both 
at any given point. 
Individual sections are also obtainable in which the same absence of unconformity is 
apparent. Thus, where the stream cuts through the quartzite ridge due north of Moman- 
khitan, the last gneiss seen is well foliated, dipping G0° to N. 20° E., and composed of 
reddish felspar, quartz and schorl, the last being aggregated in places into large masses of 
crystals. Twenty yards lower down stream (higher in the section), and with similar dip, is 
granular quartzite composed of translucent grains; a little lower it contains small innate crys¬ 
tals of schorl and mica. Beyond this is more quartzite with a small included band of mica- 
schist, and the Dadho range is entirely of the latter rock. North-east of Birne, again, the 
gneiss is schistose, and the quartzite somewhat felspathic near the junction, so that the two 
rocks have the appearance of passing into each other within a few yards across the strike. 
The same parallelism of strike is also observable on the large scale along the B h i a u r a 
junction, from B elch a k i to Dhubni, in the dome gneiss. South-east of Belghati, 
however, the strike is not sufficiently regular to allow one to say whether, as a whole, 
it is parallel to that of the quartzite or not. The gneiss here is much mixed with 
hornblende schist, &c., and I do not ftiiuk the beds are the same as those which form the 
domes. Here, then, is perhaps a case of unconformity, although it might also be explained 
by faulting. 
