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[VOL. TIT. 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
merely as an ore is good, it is too much scattered through the matrix for profitable working. 
Mr. Sowerby speaks highly of Khairna, and says— “ I have no doubt whatever but that 
the deposit is very considerable, and there is a good back (hill) to work upon. Our opinions 
differ, 
Tatail .—Two veins of ironstone were pointed out to me near [Tatail. One measuring 
eight to twelve inches in thickness, and dipping to the west at an angle of 30°, occurs in a hill 
to the south of the village, and is associated with Talcose shale and dolomite. The amount 
of carbonate of lime in the dolomite is 65'1, and the remainder is carbonate of magnesia 
and clay. 
I could not obtain a largo sample of the ore, which is micaceous iron, as there are no 
longer any surface workings, but I was able to pick off a small piece from the side of the 
vein, and it yielded by analysis 48'77 per cent, of iron. 
The other vein, containing magnetite, occurs west of the village and on the left bank of 
the Simrara Gadhdra. It is of small size, and it has never been holed for the sake of the ore. 
The native agars mei'ely collect the fragments that may be occasionally brought into the 
bed of the stream by slips of the bank. The assay of the ore gave 50T1 per cent, of iron. 
Kaludgarh .—My visit to this place was labour entirely thrown away, as I could see 
nothing more than a small hollow in clay where iron-ore was once obtained. 
Sdmmaet, —Of the different localities which I have alluded to in the Khairna area, 
there is not one which gives promise of much ore. I cannot say what the valley of the 
Kosi might yield between Kaluagarh and the Bhabar; but in the section of it which I 
examined, there was nothing to justify the hope that Khairna was a valuable district for 
ironstone. It would be well if we knew what the capabilities of the Kosi valley were lower 
down, where the accessibility from the plains might render deposits of rich and abundant 
ore more than usually valuable, in order to mix them with the poorer varieties of the Bhabar. 
Flux .—As there is no probability that any demand for limestone to be used in iron 
furnaces will arise near Khairna, the question as to its occurrence or not is not of much 
importance. 
KaiAdhungi. 
Owing to the interest attaching to this well known resting place for people either 
going to or coming from Naim Tal, as having once been the scene of actual smelting 
operations on the large scale, I went carefully over the ground with Mr. Matthews, 
the Secretary to the Kdmaon Iron Company, and examined the deposit of iron-ore which 
occurs between the two extreme points known as Loha Bhar Bliar and Dharia Khera. It is 
a much more recent formation than the iron-ores of Ramgarh and Khairna, being possibly of 
tertiary age. It occurs with the clays and sandstones of the Nahun group, which form the 
low fringing hills to the north of Kaladhungi, but whether interstratified with them or 
unconformablc to them it is difficult to say. There is one section in the main road to 
Nairn Tal, about a mile from the dak bungalow at Kaladhungi, where the ironstone has 
been cut through, and it appears to be conformable to the beds below it. This may, however, 
be quite accidental. 
Mr. Medlicott informs me that further west, to as far as Nahun, similar beds of ferri¬ 
ferous clay occur, though not so rich as at Deh-chauri, and undoubtedly forming an integral 
portion of the Nahun group, (tertiary). This is a point of considerable practical importance, 
for if the deposit be unconformable to, instead of being interstratified with, the clay's and 
sandstones, the ironstone at the surface is to a considerable extent the measure of its quan¬ 
tity, whereas if it be a bed in the series, it will yield a much greater body of ironstone than 
is now exposed to view. 
