150 Records of the Geological Surrey of India. [yol. VII. 
are particularly well seen in the Siri pass, to any of the known groups which have been 
separated by their fossil fauna in other parts of the country. That these rocks will, when 
they come to be thoroughly examined, prove referable to the age of the Siwaliks is not only 
possible, but, from their position and associations, highly probable. 
The facts observed regarding these rocks are, that in the Siri pass, where there is a good 
section exposed for a distance of about four miles, they consist of coarse sandstones, 
conglomerates, and boulder beds aggregating a total thickness of from 500 to 600 feet. In 
places they appear to ho quite horizontal, but are for the most part inclined outwards, having 
a maximum dip of 10° to south-east and east-south-east. At the western end of the Siri 
pass they rest upon and against the inclined edges of the rocks next to be mentioned. 
Judging from the appearance of the map and of the country so far as it could be examined 
by a distant view, there is a greater breadth of these fringing rocks at the Siri pass than any¬ 
where else in the neighbourhood. At Saki-Sarwa, for instance, the highly inclined lower rocks 
almost adjoin the plain witiiout the intervention of more than a very narrow fringe. In the 
plains to the south-west of Saki-Sai'wa, however, quite detached from the main mass of 
elevated ground, occurs a long range of low bills which from their amorphous structure will, 
I anticipate, prove to be formed of these beds. 
On the west of the Suliman range, in two localities, I met with conglomerate beds 
resembling in their lithological structure these rocks; the first, situated at the western base 
of the Deka hill, may very possibly be of this age; but the second, in Karer in the Luni 
Pathau’s country, partakes so completely of the disturbance of the limestones upon which 
it rests, being included in a vertical synclinal fold, that I am forced to believe that it must 
{relong to the age of the group of rocks next to be mentioned. 
Miocene ? (c ).—As to the characters of the whole of this group I am not in a position to 
speak, since its higher members are covered up by the rocks above described in the Siri 
section. Much as I should like to have examined these rocks in detail, tire season was not 
one in which it was possible to do so without considerable risk. The general appearance 
presented by them as viewed from a distance shews that they consist of dark brownish 
sandstones in beds of no great thickness, alternating with bright red, greenish anil grey 
clays. They dip outward (east) to the plains at angles of from 30° to 70°, and strike 
with the main Suliman axis, more or less north and south. I had no time to examine them 
for fossils, but it is probable that they will be found to correspond with one of the known 
groups of miocene or older pliocene age (NahansP) of the Sub-Himalayas and Salt Eange. 
On this side of the Sulimans they no doubt extend for a considerable distance, to 
judge from the distant view and the physical features indicated on the map. I fully anti¬ 
cipate that the beds which are exposed near Saki-Sarwa will be found continuous with 
those known to occur much further north in the vicinity of Banu.* With the 
impei'fect data I possess it is of course impossible for me to say whether this group is 
susceptible of sub-division or not. Fossil evidence, in the absence of internal unconformity, 
can alone decide this. The total thickness cannot, I believe, be under 3,000 feet and may 
be much more. 
Eocene ( d ).—With the appearance of the nummulitic limestones we reach a geological 
horizon, as to the affinities of which there can be no doubt. Abounding in well preserved 
fossils and with well marked lithological characters, these rocks can be readily recognised 
wherever they occur. 
* See map to accompany Dr. Verehere’s report on the geology of Kashmir, the Western Himalaya and Afghan 
Mountains. J, A. S. B., Vol. XXXVI, 1867, 
