154 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. VII. 
from my intention of proceeding to it in tlie sun, as a long ride lay before us, and it was 
represented to me that exposure in these hot valleys could not be undertaken without risk at 
this season. The opinions on this coal given on page 146, and the universal testimony of the 
natives, unite in saying that it is in extremely small quantities. And the handful of 
fragments of lignite brought by a special messenger fully testified to the worthlessness of 
the deposit. In a geological point of view, these traces of carbonaceous matter, together with 
the accompanying fossils, are not without interest, as they confirm the views of the geological 
structure arrived at by examination of the physical relations of the beds. 
Crossing over a considerable thickness of these sandstones and shales the road leads 
over the Han-ki-der, a peak which is situated due south of the lofty Ek-Bai. This peak, as also 
in all probability Ek-Bai, are formed of dense white sandstones, under which there is seen in a 
deeply cut valley close by, a considerable thickness of green shales, so that if we except these 
shales, it is the lowest rocks of the geological succession which form the highest points of 
the range. From this point the edges of the rock turn over, and it becomes apparent that 
the main axis of the range is formed by a huge anticlinal roll, along the crest of which 
there appears to have been a fault by means of which, the upthrow being to the east, the 
turned over edges of the white sandstones are opposed to those of the upper beds. 
I have already on page 148 described the characters of the rocks seen between Han-ki- 
der and the Bungalow, and as the other intervening sections are few and unimportant, I shall 
pass at once to those in the Chamarlang valley where the coal occurs. 
The first coal seen is exposed on the scarped side of a hill called Kuch-budi. The 
section is as follows; the thicknesses of the shales were estimated, not actually measured. 
Ascending— 
1. 
Coal, dip 10o W. ... 
2" 
10. 
Shale ... 
... 
? 
2. 
Gypseous shales much jointed 
2o-ir 
11. 
Coal ... 
... 4| 
3. 
Coal 
2" 
12. 
Parting 
2" 
4. 
Same as 2 
HPO" 
13. 
Coal ... 
... 
2" 
5. 
Coal 
4” 
14. 
Shale ... 
... 
... 5''0'' 
6. 
Shales 
25'-0" 
15. 
Coal ... 
... 
2" 
7. 
Coal 
3" 
16. 
Shale ... 
... 10'-0 ’ 
8. 
Parting ... 
4" 
17. 
Coal ... 
2" 
9. 
Coal 
2" 
18. 
Shale with oyster layer. 
The hill is capped with sandstones which contain fossils of Turritellas. 
In this section then there is about a total of 2 feet of coal, which is distributed in 
nine thin layers throughout a thickness of certainly not less than 100 feet of shale. 
In another section of the same hill, three seams, possibly identical with some of the fore- 
going, locally swell out in places, but do not average more than 2 inches in thickness. 
Passing from this hill up a small valley in a westernly direction we meet another section 
at the end of the Harluk portion of the Karvada range, the geological horizon being pre¬ 
cisely identical with that of the foregoing. 
Here there are in all about seven seams, the thickest of which does not exceed 6 inches. 
The dip is much disturbed. 
The next locality is in the continuation of the same bods on the western or scarped side 
of the Karvada range, where it overhangs the open valley of Chamarlang. 
