15S 
Records of Hie Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. VII, 
ancient volcano, the occurrence of the sulphur will find an easy explanation. A visit to the 
hill in the cold weather would be well worth the trouble of any one who might have the oppor¬ 
tunity of going there. Sulphur is manufactured from this ore by the Bozdars and Ivusranis, 
and is stated to be abundant. The process is most simple. An earthen gurrali (a thin spheri¬ 
cal pitcher) filled with tho ore is placed on the fire; as soon as sublimation begins to take place 
the fumes are caught in a second gurrali, which is placed mouth downwards on the first; cakes 
of pure sulphur of more or less crystalline structure are thus produced. 
To the south of the country visited by me petroleum is reported to occur in the Mari 
hills. It is collected and used by the Biluchis principally for external application to tho sores 
of diseased cattle. I have no information as to its abundance. 
Some rather indefinite rumours of brine springs, and one of tho occurrence of actual 
rock salt, reached my ears; but I cannot vouch for tho truth of tho statements. 
These, as well as many other subjects, will receive no doubt full attention when the sys¬ 
tematic examination of the country is taken up by the Geological Survey. 
Note oe the progress of Geological investigation in the Godavaei District, 
Madras Presidency, by William King, b. a.. Deputy Superintendent (for Madras), 
Geological Survey of India.. 
So far, the Godavari District is one of the most interesting in Southern India, from 
the number and variety of its rock-series: these being found to represent periods in the 
palaeozoic, secondary, tertiary and recent formations. 
Since 1837, tho district has been rendered classic through the researches of Dr. Benza, 
(guided by General, then Colonel Cullen), and the Reverend S. Hislop (assisted by Lieutenant, 
now Colonel Stoddard, Madras Engineers): tho first of whom showed that a band of lime¬ 
stones with marine and estuarine exuvi® occurred interbedded with trap in the low hills 
of Pangadi; while in 1855 and 1859 the latter announced that a narrow hut broken band 
of the Deccan traps with intertrappoan limestone containing lower eoceno remains cropped 
out not far from either hank of tho Godavari above the town of Rajahmandri. 
Tho later investigations of the Geological Survey have added considerably to the above 
knowledge; announcements of these additions by Mr. W. T. Blanford and myself having 
been given from time to time in these Records. 
Taking tho several groups of rocks in descending order, there are :— 
1. Recent Deposits, including tho long-known alluvial accumulations of the 
Godavari and Kistnah which merge into one another and form the wide and extended belt of 
low-lying plains edging this part of the Bay of Bengal. 
2. Cuddalobe sandstones :—These rise up with an easy slope to the westward 
from under the alluvium as tho low plateaus of Samnlcottah, Dowlaishwarum, Pangadi, 
Chinna Tripetty, and Golapilly, and are here and there capped with laterite. The series 
appears to bo identical with a like set of rocks occurring at Guddalore, the Red Hills near 
Madras, and again at Nellore, and more or less continuous between these places. They 
were named Cuddalore sandstones by Mr. H. F. Blanford in 1857. 
3. Deccan Teap with inteetrappeans crop out from under tho Rajahmandri sand¬ 
stones at Kartdru and Pangadi; and as Hislop has shown, the intertrappean limestone is 
of lower eocene age. A few additional genera and species to those already described have 
been obtained by Mr. A. J. Stuart, Sub-Collector of the Godavari, from the Karteru locality, 
my own being more particularly from near Pangadi. 
