Records of the Geological Surrey of India. 
[VOL. X. 
208 
Following the lower outcrop from Barawari the limestone shows at a temple (Bijesar 
Mahadeo), and from thence the outcrop is frequent, and runs via Thana and Patru to 
Parala* on the Syri road just above Haripur. The dip is here high easterly, nearly per- 
pendicular. The Sabathu Nummulitics are caught up in a fold of the Blaini rocks which 
show on either side of them on the Haripur road. The last outcrop of the Blaini limestone 
on this road is about 300 yards north of the Bungalow, and in an excavation on the crest 
of the ridge at this spot I found the conglomerate. 
From this section, and from another between the Blaini River and the Boj range, I 
conclude that in some cases the Infra-Krol rocks were totally denuded before the Nummu¬ 
litics were laid down. The course of the Blaini rocks to the Blaini River has been already 
described (l. e. p. 31). 
In the above pages I have simply described the line of outcrop, hut I need hardly say 
that I have tested my work by examining the rocks above and below the Blaini group. 
A few general remarks may not he out of place. From the Blaini rocks at the Lakri 
Bazaar, Simla, there is an apparently unbroken succession of the Simla slates to Naldera 
(the ridge above Bassantpur), where the limestone series of the Shali mountain and the 
Satlej valley begin. The dip is steady, and there is not the slightest trace of an anticlinal. 
From Dhami the rocks under the Blaini are the Simla slates, and they extend down until 
one comes abruptly on the massive limestone of the Satlej valley. From the Blaini rocks 
on the Simla and Arid road, the Simla slates extend down to the limestone series at Arki. 
The dip, very moderate at first, soon becomes high, and near Arki vertical. 
Regarding the inner {supra- Blaini) area I note that the Krol rocks at Jatog are suc¬ 
ceeded by the Infra-Krol schists in the downward section, and as the Blaini rocks are 
neared, the black Infra-Krol slates show prominently whatever direction is taken. Passing 
from Jatog to Simla the extension of the fault alluded to at page 204 brings up the Boileau- 
guuj schists (Krol quartzite altered), but on the top of Prospect Hill (Simla), and on its 
west side, there is a dark carbonaceous limestone which, I think, must be one of the bottom 
beds of the Krol series. 
The Jako rocks are, I believe, Infra-Krol. I think this series is about 3,000 feet 
thick, and that at the Krol and at Jako it either thinned out, or suffered denudation 
before the Krol series were deposited. Some sections on the flanks of the Chor suggest 
this view, hut to confine myself to the area under description, I would point to themountaint 
between Tara Devi and the hills above Kyari Ghat. The foundations of a ruined fort 
called Man Ghat exist on the top of it. There are dark carbonaceous slates near the summit, 
and from the top down to the Blaini beds in the Ussan River the rocks belong, I think, 
to the Infra-Krol series. There cannot be less than 3,000 feet of them. 
The stratification of this mountain belongs to the normal Simla type, i. e., the dip 
is comparatively flat at the top, whilst the dip into the mountain increases on the flanks. 
In the river beds the normal condition is for the strata to exhibit indications of violent 
crushing; the beds being usually vertical and contorted. I have rarely struck the Blaini 
limestone in the bed of a river without fmdiug it repeated several times by contortion. I 
am aware that other reasons might he given to account for this normal feature in the 
Simla area, but I think it may best be explained by the supposition that the present outline 
of the hills was to a considerable extent carved out before the last series of disturbances 
took place (as has, indeed, been independently shown, l. c. p. 174). This view would, it seems 
to me, explain the converging dip seen at the Chor, Krol, and elsewhere, as well as the 
extreme crushing in the low valleys. 
* Between Banalag and Kisu of the map. 
On the atlas map a dotted line is drawn down this ridge from the cart road past Shongal to the Ussan River. 
