t>AET 4.] 
McMahon: The Simla Himalayas. 
217 
thick. There is a second outcrop above it at an elevation of 8,800 feet, which extends (in thick¬ 
ness) up to 8,940 feet. I cannot say whether the bed extends from the outcrop at 8,300 feet 
up to 8,940 feet, as the intermediate space is well clothed with grass and the numerous blocks 
of gneiss on it may or may not be in situ; but I tkiuk the more probable explanation is that 
the bed has here thickened out to about 640 feet. 
The gneiss was seen striking in the direction of the Bagi road, but my path lay along 
the north side of the ridge at the head of the Kanati valley, at a high elevation, and I had 
to walk for some miles therefore before the gneiss cut across my path. I came on it again at 
an elevation of 9.300 feet (this is the elevation of the path—the crest of the ridge is higher), 
and from this point it formed, for a long distance, the crest and side of the ridge. The gneiss 
is here at times very granitic. My path left the gneiss at an elevation of 9,375 feet. I note 
here that the Hattu gneiss is simply an extension of this bed in the line of dip, which is very 
low. Owing to a bend in the line of strike caused by a change in the dip from east-11 “-north 
to east-south-east, and finally to south-east-lT'-east, the gneiss ceases to crop out along the 
ridge from this point; and the underlying mica-schists take its place along the crest of the 
ridge and form the picturesque ragged peak facing you at Bagi. Where the path I fol¬ 
lowed struck into the road running north from Bagi, the dip is 8° south-east-ll°-east. An¬ 
other bend in the direction of the strike brings down the gneiss again a mile or two further 
on. Tlie elevation of the road at the outcrop is 9,300 feet. The mica-schists, just bofoi’e the 
gneiss appears, owing to local crashing, dip north-east, east-north-east, and even north-west. 
The outcrop of the gneiss continues for l j or 2 miles, when the mica-schists re-appear, dipping 
east to east-south-east: 4 or 5 miles further on, the gneiss shows again on the road side, 
and continues for some distance, half a mile it may be. 
These two outcrops demand a few words in detail. In the first of the two, on the Bagi 
road, the gneiss lias passed into an almost perfect granite of (a finer grain, and even more 
advanced type than that of the Chor. It is only here and there, especially towards the 
northern side of the outcrop, that signs of foliation can be detected. When I first visited 
this peak, called by the natives Kot (it rises to a considerable elevation above the road, and 
is a very prominent object viewed from Hattu and other places round), I had not seen the out¬ 
crop described above. Kot looked very much like true granite, and I was at first tempted to 
suppose that its core had been protruded, in a more or less plastic state, through the mica- 
schists. These rocks were seen dipping easterly on both sides of the granite and fringing the 
granitic core below the road. At the top the granite seemed to overlap the schists. Having 
now visited this mountain three times, and carefully studied it each time, I am perfectly 
satisfied that it is simply an outcrop of the central gneiss in an advanced stage of metamor- 
phism. Signs of foliation are, here and there, visible, it sends out no intrusive veins* into the 
neighbouring schists, and the latter are not altered at tlie point of contact with it. It is 
simply a bed of some 500 or 600 feet thick, the dip of which, for some distance, coincides 
with the slope of the hill, and the strike of which, for some distance, coincides with tne 
direction of the ridge. The outcrop, 4 or 5 miles further on, is unmitigated gneiss. I 
have dwelt at some length on this outcrop, because I think its right interpretation will help 
us to explain the Chor. 
The ridge running from Hattu past Bagi to Kot must, I think, form tho south-east 
slope of an anticlinal which has carried the central gneiss down to tho Satlej. Proceeding 
from Kot to Hattu, the dip is south-east-ll°-east, then south-south-east (probably quite 
local), and on the flank of Hattu east-1 l°-south. On the very crest of the ridge rising up 
from Bagi to Hattu, there are rocks dipping north-east-ll°-norfch to north. Prom Hattu 
down to Kotgarh the dip is unsteady, but seems to have a general north-easterly direction. 
* I only observed one or two very thin veins in the gneiss. 
