34 
Records of the Geological Surrey of India. 
[VOL. VIII. 
seen near Nadgani Bungalow and westwards, towards Clnilaymilllay, near Nulliallum, and 
away on to Cheyrumbadi. In these places these men seem to have led water to the steeper 
hill slopes and got at the numerous small veins on the foot-walls of the larger reefs by 
regularly sluicing down the hill-side even to the extent of causing occasional landslips. In 
the Glenrook Estate the upper part of the great valley or churrum in which it is situated is 
all of fallen earth, and there are still evidences of large sluicings having been carried on, 
while the face of the ridge north of Hudiabettah is pierced all over with pits as in 
Chulaymullay. 
According to every information that is to be obtained, the whole of Wynad appears to 
Wyield Generally a country be tiaveised by cjuaitz teefs, some of which appear m the low 
of quartz reels country of Malabar, while others aro traceable into the Ouchter- 
lony valley; and even, it is said, on to the spurs of the Koondah mountains to the south. 
At present it is only known certainly that they are very strong and numerous in South¬ 
east Wynad. 
In the Nambalycode Amsham there are at least eighteen reefs, nine of which are 
auriferous ; and the immediate neighbourhood of all has been 
worked by the Korumbars, or washed by the Pannirs, for gold. 
Most of these eighteen reefs are traceable northwards into the Moonad Amsham. 
Auriferous reefs. 
Still further westward, by Pandalur, Cheyrumbadi, and Cholady to Vellaramulla, there 
are at least twenty-four more reefs, those in the neighbourhood of Pandalur having had 
their ‘ foot-walls’ and ‘ leaders' very extensively worked in old times by the Korumbars. 
Those of Cheyrumbadi and Cliolfidy have not yet been sufficiently examined; but it may bo 
here stated that one of the richest gold-washing regions (Ivathaparaye) of the low country 
could only have been supplied with its gold from the Cholady and Vellaramulla drainage 
basins. 
The gold obtained from the reefs is of a pale color ; that from the leaders and wash- 
Appearance of gold from in S s is generally yellow ; and that from the surface washings 
reefs and washings. nearly always of a good yellow color. The natives know this 
difference, preferring the ‘ mud gold’ to the ‘ stone gold,’ which last they designate also as 
‘ white gold.’ 
Fragments of stone gold are found at times by the Pannirs in their washings of 
surface soil; but there is nothing known of pale gold dust having ever been got in the 
washings. 
Quality of alluvial gold. 
In an assay made of some of the gold obtained by Lieutenant 
Nicholson in 1831, the following result is given :— 
Dayvallah. 
Gold ... 
Silver 
Copper ... 
90-88 
8-86 
*26 
lOO’OO 
This was evidently gold obtained by the washers; for Nicholson does not seem to have 
got any reef gold. 
