PAST 2.] 
Wynne: Khareean /tills. 
47 
confluent curves; they sometimes assume horizontal positions, sometimes dip steeply into the 
plains, but never present any high opposing clips to the general anticlinal conformation. The 
highest point of longitudinal curvature of the axis upwards coincides with the summit of 
the hills at Koar Great Trigonometrical Station, east-south-east of the village of that name 
and some eight miles westward of the trunk road. From this point the beds both slope to 
the ends of the range and curve downwards upon its sides. Here, therefore, in the bottom of 
the ravines the oldest rocks of the exposure ought to occur. 
These are drab-brown and slightly pink or purplish red clays alternating with zones of 
coarse friable gray or greenish speckled sandstone formed of comminuted waste of granitic 
or crystalline rocks, grains of quartz, felspar, hornblende (or such a mineral) and spangles 
of mica. Layers and runs or scattered pebbles of hard crystalline rocks are not uncommon, 
increasing in quantity as the section ascends, with a predominance of white quartzite frag¬ 
ments well worn, until on the flanks of the hills these pebbles of larger size and in greater 
numbers, including a few of hill-nummulitic limestones in many places thickly sheet the 
ground, pointing to the local destruction of loose conglomeratic pebble beds, which, from 
their friable nature, are seldom found in situ. The various and repeatedly alternating zones 
of clays and sandstones are often thick, ranging from G to 30 feet or upwards. In eastern 
parts of the range (he clays are more developed, deep khuds often showing little else than 
zones of thick purple clay, each band purple below and of a bright ferruginous yellow above, 
while the intercalated sandstone bands are by no means prominent, save whei'e they form 
caps to the hills or hard ledges defining the outlines of the ground in a widely extended and 
multitudinous series of scarped out-crops. 
Through the whole of the sandstones, but rarely (if ever) in the clays, teeth and frag¬ 
ments of large bones are thinly scattered. The beds may be searched for long distances 
without finding anything more than an obscure fragment broken before becoming embedded, yet 
in the debris between sandstone out-crops the fragments are more numerous, though seldom 
sufficiently perfect to he worth removal. These fragments have not been found in the clays, 
yet some dark liver-coloured hones seem to have come from the purple portions of these. 
Fossil wood has not been met with. The hones are usually whitish or huff, the teeth 
too hard to he touched by a knife, the bones often softer and calcareous, while some huge 
tusks are replaced chiefly by a pinkish white soft marly looking brittle clay or earth. 
The state of fossilization exactly resembles that of the Lelirl bones thought by 
Mr. Theobald to ho of Nahun age (see Records, Geological Survey, No. 3, 1874). 
The remains found in the above described beds include parts of large hones, such as the 
humerus, scapula, jaws, teeth and tusks of huge pachyderms. One of the former had a 
girth of 2 feet 7 inches, and fragments of a pair of tusks measured 12 feet in the aggregate 
with a girth of 2 feet in places. Large molar teeth resembling those of ruminants also occur, 
with some smaller teeth; portions of joints of less sizeable, leg bones, vertebrae, fragments 
of lax’ge deciduous, deer horns nearly as thick at the attachment as a man’s wrist, many 
mammalian rib hones, numerous unrecognisable fragments, and one small piece of the 
armature of a tortoise (?) none of which have ns yet undergone comparison or determination. 
From the general aspect of the rocks no hesitation would be felt in referring them to the 
upper portion of the Pot’war tertiary series, but it remains to be seen if the fossils will 
give any support to the idea that they may he newer, or that these and some upper beds of 
the Pot’war may both he Sivalik. 
Perhaps the only feature which relieves the stratigraphical monotony of these beds is 
an indication of a slow transition upwards into strata even more incoherent and more recent 
looking than those of the mass of the hills. These upper and outer beds are coarse sandy 
