48 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. vnr. 
gravelly and conglomeratic layers with drab or yellow clays containing knnkur (as indeed 
do many of the clays lower in the series). These clays are of the same color, and present 
but little difference from the alluvium of the neighbouring plains, while the sandstones and 
gravelly beds or base of conglomerates are of a duller and more muddy aspect than the 
clean gray sandstones beneath. In the sandstone or gravelly parts of these rocks an 
occasional rolled bone fragment or broken tooth may be found, and in some of the conglo¬ 
merates pebbles of the tertiary sandstones themselves occur; but notwithstanding the 
derivative aspect of the bones and of the last-mentioned pebbles, the containing rocks present 
no visible unconformity to the beds on which they rest. On the contrary, as stated, the 
transition to the softer and more recent looking layers appeal's to be gradual, while the dips 
are conformable and the newer beds are found all round the elongated oval formed by the hills. 
Limits to these upper beds can only be approximately and arbitrarily assigned, but they 
may have a usual thickness of from 200 to over 400 feet. 
The thickness of the whole Pnbbi series must also be estimated with caution. For 18 
or 20 miles from the eastern end of the exposure, a continuous succession of layers coming 
out from beneath each other may be traced, all lying at low but very perceptible inclinations 
which would, even at angles less than 5°, give a large total depth. When the cross-section, 
however, is considered, between 2,500 and 3,000 feet would seem a sufficient estimate for them 
all, and the probability is that the amount may exceed rather than fall within 3,000 feet. 
Outside the inclined newer light colored layers the alluvium of the plains may be found 
horizontally abutting against and resting upon these rocks. It is of the common drab 
argillaceous or somewhat sandy, and occasionally kunkery or otherwise calcareous character, 
the only traces of fossils observed in it being small, white, dead Bulimus shells and part of 
the skull of some large bovine animal (perhaps a buffaloe) of recent appearance, hut buried 
beneath from 8 to 10 or 15 feet of clay and exposed in the bank of a nullah. In neither 
case can these indications be taken as contemporaneous witk the alluvium itself, for in so 
easily shifted and shifting a deposit, organisms of even more recent age might r'eadily become 
enclosed. Much of the eastern part of the broken Pnbbi country is formed of the deeply 
ravined alluvium. 
It is to be hoped that the fossils collected, few, imperfect and fragmentary though they 
be, may afford sufficient evidence to relegate these Pnbbi tertiary rocks to their proper place. 
Pending the examination of these fossils, the only conjecture that can be hazarded, based 
upon structural and petrological grounds, as well as Mr. Theobald’s paper previously referred 
to, is that the fossiliferous portion of the Puhbi rocks is probably of Nahun age, while the age 
of the uppermost and more recent looking layers remains an open question. 
Camp, ^ A. B. WYNNE, 
November 1874. 3 Geological Survey. 
The folloiving is a rough list of the fossils collected by Mr. Wynne during his examina¬ 
tion of this small range of hills, drawn up by Mr. JR. Lydekker, Geological Survey 
of India. 
1. —JEqaus sivalensis, from north-west of Sundpur. 
(a). 2nd premolar, right ramus of mandible. 
(i). Molar and parts of mandible. 
( c ). First molar, Maxilla. 
2. —JEquus sivalensis, from near Changas, Pubbi hills—distal extremity, right meta¬ 
carpus. 
