PART 2 .] 
Medlicoit: Scindia’s Territories. 
57 
top-rock to the formation. If it could be legitimately taken as thus related to the trap, we 
could assert that this rock had never covered the whole surface in the neighbourhood of 
Gwalior, for laterite of this type caps the high hill eight miles south-west of the city resting 
on the Moral' rocks, without any intervening trap. A full half of Scindia’s territory is on 
the trap formation. The laterite is finely developed about Guna and Augar. 
5. Mention has already been made of the small patches of rocks of middle(?) cretaceous 
, age in the Narbada valley about Bagh and on the plateau near 
CictECGOiis rocks. ^ u a 
Jabna, both places in or near the Chujarra district. The most 
important rock of the group is a limestone holding marine fossils, and underlaid by sand¬ 
stone, or resting upon the basal crystalline rocks. The infratrappean or Lameta limestone 
and sandstone of the districts to the east (Sagar and Jabalpfir) are thought to represent the 
Bagh beds; but as yet only vertebrate remains, some of great size, but unidentified, have been 
found in them. This information is given because the ground under description has been 
only partially examined, so that representations of either group might be looked for 
anywhere at the base of the trap. 
6. There is an immense geological gap between the cretaceous beds and the Yindhyans, 
. „ . which are the next oldest rocks in this region. In other parts 
The Vindhyan formation. , , . , r 
of India this gap is partly tilled up by the great rock series of 
which the Indian coal measures form a part. Geologically, the Vindhyan plateau is a 
basin. The lower strata of the formation only appear along the boundary of the field, with a 
greater or less slope towards the centre in which direction younger beds succeed. The whole 
series has been divided into the following groups :— 
Bhanrer ... 
Riwa 
Kaimtir . 
^ Upper Bhanrer 
|^Lower Bhanrer 
5 Upper Riwa 
Lower Riwa 
f Upper Kaimur 
( Lower Kaimur 
... Upper Bhanrer sandstone. 
! Sirbu shales. 
Lower Bhanrer sandstone. 
Bhanrdr limestone. 
. Gandrgarh shales. 
... Uyper Riwa sandstone. 
fJhm shales. 
... 1 Lower Riwa sandstone. 
(_ Panua shales, 
f Upper Kaimtir sandstone. 
£ Kaimur conglomerate. 
( Bijigarh shales. 
(.Lower Kaimur sandstone. 
7. Most of these groups are represented in Scindia’s territories north of Badrawas. 
The Kaimur conglomerate and its overlying sandstone are admirably exposed about Gwalior. 
In the fort-hill and the adjoining scarp they rest upon one of the trappean bands of the 
Morar group. In the hills to the south they rest upon other beds of the same series. 
Passing north-westward the Panna shales are found in the low ground along the base of the 
next scarp, u r hich is formed of the Lower Riwa sandstone. Beyond this again there is a 
third scarp formed of the Upper Riwa sandstoue with the JMri shales at its base. Still 
further to the west we find the Ganurgarh shales and Bhanrer limestone well exposed in 
the valley of the Chambul, the Lower Bhanrer sandstone forming the Dholpur ridge on the 
left bank of the river. In the Niinach district the same series is well developed ascending 
from the west. The Bhanrer limestone is well exposed between Nirnaeh and Chittorgarh. 
The age of the Vindhyan series is still quite undetermined. All that can be said is that it is 
greatly more ancient than the base of the coal measure series. Although so undisturbed and 
unaltered, and apparently so adapted by their varied composition and the conditions of 
deposition (as indicated by the variety and prevalence of water-marking), for the existence 
