1'Z 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vor.. VIII. 
Whether faulted. 
the puzzle as it stands. The extraordinary straightness of the feature compels one to 
consider it as possibly connected with faulting. In this connection especially these western 
outcrops must be taken as solidary with the rest of the boundary to the east; for the 
disappearance of the sandstones on the Budimai and Zumani sections is exactly on the 
same line. The great contrast, however, in the features of the cross-sections to east and 
west makes it especially difficult to connect both with one and the same master-dislocation. 
Apart from the fact of remarkable continuity and straightness, the prima facie sugges¬ 
tion of faulting is the same in the east as in the west of the line. 
The abrupt termination, with especial crushing, of the fiat sand¬ 
stones at the north end of the Zumani section, with trap at a lower level close-by in front, 
is strongly suggestive of faulting with northern downthrow; the only other explanation 
being the pre-trappean origin of the edge of sandstone. Similar close vertical juxtaposition 
of formations occurs to the west: trap is found close to the north of the sandstone outcrops, 
and at a lower level, at Salei and Uskali, suggesting the same northern downthrow, or else 
pvetrappean exposure. The rock itself of the western outcrop does not suggest any difference 
of throw east and west. Nor is there any excuse for placing the fault (if there is one) 
between the sandstone and the metamorphic limestone at Kupasi: the sandstone seems to be 
of the same horizon as that occurring at the same level east of the Moran,—a breccia con¬ 
glomerate, such as is found in natural contact with the metamorphics all along the boundary; 
and at the Moran this ridge of supporting rock strikes into the axis of the Budimai flexure, 
well to the south of the supposed fault-line. Thus from this move direct portion of the 
evidence, one must, I think, conclude that if there is a fault it is post-trappean, and has a 
southern upthrow throughout. The collateral evidence, with reference to faulting, presents, 
on the contrary, a great difference between the eastern and the western areas. The proof 
of a great post-trappean southern depression by flexure at the edge of the stratigraphical 
basin to the west of the Moran is now beyond question. This, though perhaps not incom¬ 
patible with a southern upthrow by faulting along the north boundary of the same area, 
certainly does not seem to agree with that supposition. The evidence of elevation, by 
Hexure along the same line of disturbance, of the area to the east of the Moran seems 
equally clear, and this would remove the necessity for upthrow by faulting along tho northern 
boundary, though not incompatible with the co-operation of such a feature. The certainty 
of the post-trappean age of the western depression might afford presumption that the 
olevation to the east was of the same age, opposite effects in adjoining areas being rather 
the rule than otherwise in crust movements; but I shall presently in this paper call attention 
to the evidence of extensive disturbance and denudation of the Mahadeva and underlying 
series prior to the outflow of the trap. The fact, as I said, is a very important one; and 
if it is established at one point on a 'geological horizon, it must be taken some account 
of throughout. 
III.— Possible coal-fields on the Lower Narbada. 
Finding myself at Khandwa, after a vain attempt to discover any further sign of the 
infra-trappean formations along the Satpuras, I devoted a few 
days to visiting Barwai, where so many different rock-series are 
represented within a small area. A combination of favorable circumstances, due to the works 
of the Holkar State Railway now in active progress, put it in my way to add another to the 
list of geological attractions of this ground. 
When the general description of the western Narbada region was prrblished in 1809 
(Memoirs, Geological Survey, Yol. VI, pt. 3), the original conception 
of the Mahadeva formation—that it was quite unconformable to, 
and independent of, the coal-bearing rocks of the Damuda series, and superior even to the 
The Barwai area. 
The Mahadeva horiicn. 
