108 
Records of (he Geological Survey of India. 
[vot,. vm. 
To the north of the village there is a seam seen, at the road crossing, which contains 
about six feet of coaly shale and coal, the dip being 5° to south. In the section of rocks below 
this, that is to say, further up the stream, the boundary is seen to he perfectly natural; gneiss 
being exposed in the bed and sandstone in the overhanging banks. From this northwards 
the relations of the rocks are for the most part obscure and the western boundary is very 
intricate. In the Barakars to the south of Kiripsira, black shales and ironstones occur. On 
the Garganbal and Bagbura road, east of the boundary, in the first stream crossed, there is a 
bed of arkose which seems to be detached from the field. Beyond it for the next mile or so, 
the granitic gneiss rocks which occasionally appear are much covered by loose boulders which 
in their miscellaneous and foreign character resemble those found in the Talchirs. In all 
probability they were derived from a Talchir boulder bed of which no other trace is left now. 
Southeen BorNTuliV, —Passing now again to the south boundary at Borkhol. In 
speaking of the Talchirs it has been pointed out that they disappear on the boundary at this 
point, being much overlapped, and having probably been in part cut out by a fault which appears 
to have formed the present southern boundary and limit of the field. At Singapur the 
area occupied by the Barakars does not exceed about half a. mile in width, and as they rest 
nearly horizontally on Talchirs, the evidence of extensive overlap by the upper sandstones is 
complete. West from Borkhol, where the Talchirs are not found on the boundary, their 
apparently diminished thickness might be attributed to the fault having cut out lower beds, 
but here it is quite clear that, unless there has been great natural and original thinning out of 
the upper beds of the Barakars which are seen in the Ebe valley, their edges must be com¬ 
pletely overlapped by the upper sandstones. 
From Borkhol the faulted boundary runs in a steady north-westerly direction for 
nearly forty miles, and with it for thirty miles, a valley which presents a wonderful 
degree of uniformity throughout. On the one side, outside the fault, are ranges and some¬ 
times low ridges of metamorphic or other old rocks, on the other the scarp of the sandstones 
forming the Hingir plateau. The bed of this valley being coincident, or nearly so, with the 
base of the upper sandstones, the Barakars, and sometimes the Talchirs, form the floor. 
Although many rivers and streams cross the valley at right angles, there is such an accumu¬ 
lation of superficial deposits, that sections, showing the character and relations of the rocks 
are of extreme rarity. The bottom of the valley, almost throughout, may be described as one 
succession of paddy fields. The origin of this state of things is quite obvious. The valley, 
in the first instance, scooped out by lateral streams along the faulted junction, has subsequent¬ 
ly served as the repository of the solid substances brought down by the rivers, which, coming 
from the highlands of comparatively soft sandstones, find themselves suddenly arrested by 
the metamorphic rocks through which they have only been able to cut narrow gorges. 
At Borkhol itself no rocks are exposed in the valley; but further west, south of the 
village of Durga, sandstones and gneiss are seen in close proximity to one another, though 
no actual contact is exposed. To the west of Kutrapali there are some ferruginous Barakar 
sandstones with ironstones, which also extend northwards up into a bay to the north of the 
village. Proceeding in the same direction the same rocks are mot up to Dibdorah, with the 
addition, at that place, of coal which crops out underneath the 
Sca ™‘ waters of the Hingir river. An excavation which I had made in 
this seam proved a thickness of at least 6 feet 6 inches down from the denuded surface. 
Of this thickness, all, except the lowest foot, consists of very fair-looking coal. So far as 
appearance goes, it is certainly the best which I met with in the field. The dip is about 5° 
to north-20°-east, or from the boundary. What the total thickness may be 1 had no means 
of ascertaining. 
