PART 2.] 
Feistmantel: Fossil Floras of India. 
29 
The following table exhibits the various groups into which the Gondwana series is at 
present tentatively divided in the several regions :— 
Bengal. 
South Rewah. 
Satpura. 
Godavari, 
Karnatik. 
Kach. 
E. Himalaya. 
Rajmahal. 
Jabalpur. 
Jabalpur. 
Rajmahal. 
Rajmahal. 
Kach. 
Maliadeva, 
Panchet. 
Almod. 
A 
f Raniganj. 
Pali. 
Bijori. 
Kamthi. 
& 
a 
j Ironstone shales. 
Motur. 
p 
LBarakar. 
Barakar. 
Barakar. 
Barakar. 
Damuda 
Talchir. 
Talchir. 
Talchir. 
Talchir. 
Gneiss. 
Gneiss. 
Gneiss. 
Vindhyans 
and gneiss. 
Gneiss. 
Most of these strata contain only plant remains. Some widely separated localities 
have also yielded a few vertebrate fossils of fish and reptiles, for which various ages have 
been assigned—paleozoic, triassic, and liassic. It is only in Kach and on the east coast 
of the peninsula that the upper members of the series are found associated with beds 
containing a well-marked marine molluscan fauna; and these have been taken to give the 
horizon of these groups. The plant beds of Kach alternate with and overlie strata having an 
upper jurassic fauna; and a similar association of the Raj mail al group has been found near 
Rajamandri and in parts of the Karnatik. While, at Tricliinopoli, plant beds of about the 
same horizon underlie the well-known upper cretaceous rocks of that region. The evidence 
of the plants will be seen to indicate a much lower homotaxeous position for these strata; 
thus establishing a marked palseontological discordance between the marine and terrestrial 
organisms of this geological epoch in this region. In such cases we must only say, the flora 
ol this or that locality (or stratum) is of such an age, and was still growing on the coast, 
when already a younger fauna (but of the same epoch) was living in the sea. This is the 
only way to explain these so-called paleontological contradictions between the fauna and flora 
of the same strata. 
My examination of the collections has so far indicated the existence of five distinctive 
floras in the following horizons of the Gondwana system:— 
1. —Kach (in Kach). 
2 . —Rajmahal (in different places). 
3. —Panchet (in different places). 
4. -Damuda (in different places), including the Raniganj (Kamthi), Iron-Shale, 
and Barakar groups. 
o.—Talchir. 
It is, of course, possible that further research may necessitate modifications or additions 
to this classification. The present papers contain my observations on the flora of the 
Kach beds, in Kach, and of the Rajmahal group in the Rajmahal Hills, and at Kolapilli 
in the Godavari district. 
I-—Flora of the Kach series (Cutch). 
The flora of Kach, in comparison with the animal remains from the same formations, 
is rather poor, especially in the number of genera and species. There are, however, enough 
characteristic genera and species for determination of the age of the flora as a whole, 
though it is not quite so easy to determine the age at each locality with the same accuracy. 
