48 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vgl. IX. 
From tlie above table of measurements we find the general measurements of the two 
crania not varying more than might be expected in two different individuals; but the 
respective dimensions of the tuslcs and their alveoli are very different. Thus it will be 
seen that, in the preseut specimen, the transverse diameter of the incisive sheath above 
and below the intra-orbital foramen is the same ; while in Colonel Baker’s cranium the sheaths 
are constricted at the foramen, and suddenly expand below this point. The transverse 
diameters of the incisive sheaths of the two crania below the infra-orbital foramina are in 
the proportion of 8 to 11'5, and the antero-posterior diameters in the proportion of 7 to 
10. The circumferences of the respective incisive sheaths are 20 and 30 inches; the 
length of the tusks of Colonel Baker’s specimen, from the distal extremity of the incisive 
sheath to their tip, is 9 feet 8 inches; if the length of the tusks in the present speci¬ 
men bears the same proportion to their diameter, as it does in Colonel Baker’s specimen, 
this would uot have exceeded 6 feet 9 inches, making a difference of 2 feet 9 inches 
in the length of the tusks in the two individuals; very probably the difference may have 
been still greater. 
The next most noticeable difference in the measurements of the two skulls occurs in 
the palate; the palate of the present specimen is wider than that of Colonel Baker’s specimen, 
in the proportion of 4 to 2'7 at one end and o‘2 to 3‘2 at the other. The nasals of the 
present specimen are nearly twice as large as those of Colonel Baker s specimen; the trans¬ 
verse measurements being 5'5 and 3'0, and the antero-posterior measurements 3'8 and 
T6 inches. 
The vertical height of the present specimen is one inch greater than that of Colonel 
Baker’s specimen; and the width of the frontals is 1 j inch greater. 
If now we turn to the figures of the crania of Stegodon insignis given in plates 16 
and 17 of the ‘‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis” with their accompanying measurements, we 
find that the specimen figured in plate 17, fig. 1, has a diameter of only 25‘5 inches 
across the occiput, 3 inches less than in the present specimen ; while its vertical height 
is 4'5 inches less; the whole cranium, in fact, being greatly smaller than the present, 
and differing by the peculiar form of the forehead so greatly as to have very little general 
resemblance. 
From the above facts I conclude that the present specimen proves the existence of a 
small-tusked variety of Stegodon ganesa, of which the cranium is at least as large as in the 
big-tusked variety, and which, moreover, shows no approach to the peculiarly modified 
cranium of Stegodon insignis, of which the tusks are still smaller; the present specimen 
might well be a female of Stegodon ganesa, while Stegodon insignis will still stand as a 
distinct, though closely-allied, smaller species (in the modern acceptation of the term) dis¬ 
tinguished by its peculiar frontals and temporal fossa); the teeth of the two species being in¬ 
distinguishable from each, and indicating a very close affinity - 
Continuiug our description of the present specimen, we find that two pairs of molars 
are protruded from their alveoli; the first pair have been in wear for a considerable period, 
and are much worn away in front, the number of ridges remaining being only seven. In 
the second molar of the left side, eight ridges may be counted, together with an anterior 
talon ridge: between the first and second ridge there is a small conical tubercle on the outer 
side. This molar is only partially protruded from its alveolus ; from the width of the last 
visible ridge, there must be two or three more ridges still concealed in the alveolus: this 
would make the tooth the last of the permanent molar series, in which the number of ridges 
should he either ten or eleven; the penultimate molar never has more than eight ridges; 
the fact of this tooth being the last of the series proves the animal to have been fully adult, 
and that the tusks had attained their full size and development. 
