PART 2.] 
53 
Medlicolt: Sul-Himalayan Series in Jamu. 
pale soft clays north of Chineni that may even he Siwalik. Indeed, here for the first time in 
this zone, which in the east, as has been said, is lifted bodily upon a pedestal of the old slates, 
we find, as is so general in the outer tertiary zones, conglomerates along the inner boundary 
of the area and forming the top of the series. At several places in the upper Tawi valley, 
below the Bindi gap, coarse and massive conglomerates are at the contact nearly vertical. 
These are most important, as bearing upon the question of sub-division of tins Sub-Himalayan 
tertiary series : do these beds represent the Siwalik conglomerates P If not, we can scarcely 
avoid the inference that there are concealed unconformities to he looked for. r llie search for 
fossils is the most hopeful way of settling the point; but as I was traversing the country by 
forced marches to pick up the leading structural features of a large area, I could not stop for 
this purpose. The internal evidence of the beds themselves is, however, very significant: the 
imperfectly rounded shingle, some blocks as large as 2 feet in diameter, is almost exclusively 
made up of the bottom tertiary sandstone. The identification is certain. A fact of this 
nature was one of the confirmatory points for the Nahan-Siwalik unconformity in the Simla 
region, the source of these boulders being there evideut; whereas for the conglomerates on the 
T4wi there is no apparent source; every trace, so far as is known, of the tertiary rocks hay¬ 
ing been removed from the region to the north. The fact is, however, absolute as to their 
once having extended in that direction, and as to their disturbance and denudation before the 
deposition of this conglomerate, certainly suggesting possible unconformity here, and in 
favour of the conjecture, that these beds at the inner border of the tertiary area, and well in 
among the high ranges, may represent the Siwalik conglomerates. 
One of the most interesting observations we made this season was the demarcation of a 
great inlier of old limestone within the tertiary area.. The extreme north-west end of this 
feature at Dandli close to the Flinch river was noticed, in my Memoir of 1862 (loc. cit 
n 89) and I have now to apologise for having given a mistaken reading of it, which has led 
to some confusion. I was sent up there in 1859 to report on an outcrop of coal at Dandli. 
I had only one day on the ground; and, fresh from the Simla region, I was. too hasty in 
annivino- ‘its features to this remote section. I at once recognised the Subathu group at 
Dandli “crushed up at the south base of a great ridge of old limestone. Throughout the 
Simla region there is no carbonaceous hand in the Subfithu group; hut, owing to deep uncon- 
formity and crushing, this group is very frequently brought into contact with infra-Kiol 
carbonaceous shales. The superficial similarity of these sections, m parallel geographical 
positions, led me astray. The coal of Dandli belongs to the nummulitic formation ; and the 
limestone is not presumably Krol. 
The first appearance of this inlier is eighty miles to south-east from Dandli, some seven 
miles north-west of Udampur. It is not continuous throughout this distance, as there is no 
' n ot it in the valley of the Bari-Tawi between Naoshera and Eajaori ; but all the outcrops 
ocTcur along the same line of flexure and upheaval. It is noteworthy that this line is on the 
general extension of the middle tertiary break of the Simla region, the outer boundary of the 
Sirmur zone. The principal mass of limestone is at the south-east end, where for a length of 
thirty miles it forms a lofty picturesque ridge, through the very centre of which the Chenab 
has cut a precipitous gorge, just north of Eiassi. 
The structure of this feature throughout conforms to that which is so dominant oyer 
the whole South Himalayan region, a normal anticlinal flexure broken and faulted on its 
steep outer face. Besides this familiar transverse structure, the clearly defined outcrop of 
tfe/e gV oups betrays a regular longitudinal waving of the stratification. The interrupted 
outcrop with intervening younger rocks suggests this; and the detail ^ows it more clearly. 
At each end of these ridges the beds curve continuously round the point of the anticlinal as 
•. v, omes depressed The river courses seem to have little fixed relation to this feature, tlie 
tlUl ZZZ »~e> of depression; the Chenib errts through the middle of the Em.., 
ridge; the Pdneh cuts the point of the D.rrdli ridge, nod seu.r.l mr.o, stre.m, seem 
specially to affect clefts or chasms across these steep ribs of hard limestone. 
