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[VOL. IX. 
Records of the Geological Surrey of India. 
beds. In this upper portion (upper coal measures) of Australia we find fossil plants, 
mostly of mesozoic type, e. g., Phy Mother a australis, Phyll. Hooken (in the New¬ 
castle coal-field, belonging to the real Phyllotheca type), VeHebraria (Damuda type), 
Glossopteris (some of them related with our Indian forms), Tamiopteris , broad with narrow- 
veins. (Macrotcemopteris, Schimp.), Thinnfeldia. like ferns, Pecopteris oAontopteroides 
Mori*., a peculiar peltate leaf (which may possibly he Actinoptens, Schimp.), seed vessels ot 
Conifers (these may, perhaps, be allied to Araucarites Phillipsi, Carr., or Araucar. 
Eaehensis, Fstrn. ?), and others, without any marine fauna. The lower portion ot these 
Australian coal-strata presents no analogy with our Damudas, as the latter contain none ot 
the marine animal fossils so frequent in the lower coal-mesaures of Australia. 
y —Fossil Floba of the Talchiks. 
This is the poorest flora of all. Only a few fronds have been found, and but one or two 
localities are known at which fossils occur. These fossils were mentioned by Mr. Oldham 
as “a large Cyclopteris- like leaf;” Mr. W. T. Blanford had previously recognized 
the nature of this fossil, and in his paper on the Kaniganj coal-field, Mem., Yol. Ill, 
p. 38, writing about the fossils from the Talchir group, he said, “the best marked was 
a form intermediate between Glossopteris and Cyclopteris 
I noticed above similar fronds amongst the Damuda fossils from the Barakars. 
I pointed out that there are leaves with a radiating distribution of the veins, as in 
Cyclopteris, Brgt., but the veins are reticulated, as in Glossopteris, Brgt., and I referred 
them to the new genus Gangamopteris, Mc’Coy, I also said that these specimens from the 
Barakars are identical with those found in the Talchirs : the species I called— 
I .—Gangamopteris cyclopteroides, Fstrn. 
Diagnosis: 
Fronde ohlongo-ovali , subobliqua, integerrima ; rhacMde nulla; nervis omnibus e basi 
radiantibus veluti in Cyclopteride, retia formantibus (Glossopteridis similibus), medns ima 
parte distinctissimis. 
This diagnosis serves for the species both from the Barakars and Talchirs. 
By itself this species does not prove much; but its occurrence both in the Damfidas 
and Talchirs makes it at least very probable that these two groups are very^ near in age, 
and I, for my part, look upon the Talchirs as alower group of the whole Damuda formation, 
or, in other words, as a lower horizon of the lower triassic age. 
Compared with the Australian species of Gangamopteris, our species is most nearly 
related to Gangamopteris obliqua, Mc’Coy.f 
I have thus given a short outline of the most important fossils from the lower groups 
of the Gondwana Series, from the Panchets, the Damudas, and the Talchirs, and 
the following general results may be deduced 
a _pYom the relations of the fossil plants of these three groups, it follows that they 
all belong to one epoch, the triassic. 
* Mem. II, p. 335. 
f Prodromus of the Paleontology of Victoria, Decade II, PI. XII, figs. 2, 3, 4. 
