PART 3.] 
Blanford: Gondivana Series in India , 
81 
can be no question of the conclusions at which he arrived regarding the relations of the 
plant-bearing beds to the marine strata. His views were precisely the same as Mr. 
Wynne’s and my own ; he determined that the plant-beds form the highest member of the 
Jurassic series, that they pass down into the beds with marine fossils of the Umia group, 
and that in some places bands of these marine fossils, especially Trigonia Smeei and a 
Trigonia, closely allied to the cretaceous T. tuberculferd* * * § of Southern India, are interca¬ 
lated in the plant-bearing group. He consequently classed both the plant-bearing beds and 
the Umia marine beds in one group. Moreover, he found in one place, resting upon the 
plaut-beds, a band containing cretaceous cephalopoda of Upper Neocomian (Aptian) age.f 
It is difficult to ascertain from Dr. Stoliczka’s field notes whether he considered these 
cretaceous rocks conformable to the Umia beds, or not, but he certainly on his return spoke of 
this Umia group as of Wealden age. 
I may add at once that of the localities mentioned by Dr. Feistmantel, viz., Kukurbit, 
Trombow, Bhoojooree, Doodaee, Loharia, and Goonaree,J all, except the last named, are in the 
beds forming the upper part of the Umia group, and there is no important difference in 
the horizon. Goonaree is rather lower in position according to Dr. Stoliezka s map, being 
in the lower portion of the Umia group and associated with the marine beds, but not one 
of the localities is below all the beds with upper oolitic fossils. From Nurha,§ the only 
locality in Kachh belonging to the Katrol group at which remains ot plants have been obtained, 
the specimens, which have just been found, appear to belong to species found also in the Umia 
group. 
It is important to insist upon these facts in order to prevent mistakes. It should be 
distinctly understood that the rocks in Kachli (Catch) with a lower oolitic flora, and 
containing several species of plants identical with those found in the Lower Oolites of 
Yorkshire, rest upon marine strata containing Portland and Tithonian Cephalopoda, and 
are capped by beds with Upper A'eocomian ( Aptian ) Ammonites; that occasionally the 
marine strata with upper oolitic fossils are interstratified with the plant-beds ; and that 
the geological position of the Kachh plant-beds has been determined by careful and repeated 
examination by three ditlerent geologists, all of whom agree in their conclusions. 
I do not see any probability of error in the determinations of the marine fossils. Dr. 
Waagen, whose knowledge of Jurassic Cephalopoda is probably equal to that of any Palscon- 
tologist living, insists particularly on the remarkable parallelism of the different groups 
which make up the jurassie series in Europe and India. The remainder of the fauna 
has not received the same careful examination and comparison as the Cephalopoda, hut 
I believe I am justified in saying that both Dr. Stoliezka and Dr. Waagen considered that 
the evidence afforded by it coincided with that furnished by the Cephalopodous Mollusca. 
Dr. Waagen especially states)! that in the Umia beds of nine species of Cephalopoda, 
* Pal. Indiea, Ser. VI, 3, p. 315, PI. XV, figs. 10-12. 
t Pal. Indiea, Ser. IX, p. 245. 
% It may be useful to point out where these places are; they are small villages not marked on most maps, 
and not easy to identify— 
Gooneri (Goonaree of map) is in north-western Kachh (Cutch), about six miles east south-east of Lukput. 
Thrombow, six miles north-east of Bhooj. 
Kukurbit, twenty miles west by a little north of Bhooj. 
Bhoojooree, five miles east-south-east of Bhooj. 
Doodaee, about thirty miles east of Bhooj. 
Loharia, seventeen miles south-east of Bhooj, and south of the Katrol range. 
The spelling is that of the map in the Memoirs, Vol. IX. 
§ Mem. Geol. Surv., India, IX, p. 213. 
j] Pal. Ind., Ser. IX, Vol. 1, Kachh Cephalopoda, pp. 225 and 233. 
