84 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. IX. 
we should equally be obliged to relegate the whole of the Australian coal-measures below the 
Hawkesbury group to the Carboniferous, because they contain at least one species of plant 
throughout, and their lower sub-division is interstratified with beds containing marine 
carboniferous fossils. 
With one or the other of these Australian coal-beds, No. 3 or No. 4 of the preceding 
section, the following plants of the Damuda groups are common :—• 
Glossopteris, two or three species identical. 
Gangamopteris* (the genus only). 
Vertebraria, one species identical. 
Pecopteris (Alethopteris), one species probably identical. 
Schizonewra (Zeugophyllites.) 
We have thus five genera and four or live species common, without counting the 
Equisetaceie (Phyllotheca, &c.), which appear somewhat doubtful. With the triassic rocks 
of Europe, Dr. Feistmantel has shown that the following Damuda forms are common:— 
Voltzia, one species identical, 
Alhertia ? ditto P 
Aetinopteris, the genus only, the species shewing affinity, 
Saaenopteris, 
ditto, 
ditto, 
Neuropteris, 
ditto, 
ditto, 
Sehizoneura, 
ditto, 
ditto, 
or six genera and one or, perhaps, two species. It is quite true, as Dr. Feistmantel has 
shown, that Pecopteris ( Alethopteris ) Lindleyana of the Damrrdas has nearly as close 
affinities to certain Jurassic forms in Europe as to P. Australis; but, on the other hand, 
an equisetaceous plant occurring near Nagpurf was described by Sir 0. Bunbury under the 
name of Phylto theca Indica from a good series of specimens, and considered closely 
allied to some Australian forms. 
On the whole, it appears to be a reasonable conclusion that the evidence which connects 
the Damdda formation with the Australian carboniferous rocks is about equal to that which 
tends to show their relations with the Trias of Europe, the only distinction of importance 
being that the evidence of connection with the Australian beds is so abundant, and the 
plants which are common to the Trias are (with the exception of Sehizoneura) so rare, 
that the latter have hitherto been overlooked. 
The evidence afforded by the few animal remains hitherto procured from the Gondwana 
series is nearly as confusing as that of the plants. From the Kota and Maleri beds 
now shownj to be identical, and to belong to the Upper Gondwana series, we have 
Ceratodus, which in Europe is Triassic or Liassic, but which has been found 
living in Australia; Ilyperodapedon, Triassic in Europe, but allied to the living 
New Zealand genus Jlatleria; and certain early mesozoic forms of Crocodilia, together 
with fish [Lepidotus and Ectimodudf with liassic affinities, andEstheria, which is insufficient 
* The specimens described by McCoy (Prod. Palfeont. Victoria, Decade Ii, Pis. XII & XIII) are said by their 
deseriber to be from the upper coal-bearing strata of Victoria, the position of which is uncertain, but Dr. 
Feistmantel has detected one species in the beds from beneath the carboniferous marine beds of Newcastle, 
N. S. Wales. 
f Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., XVII, p. 335. 
t See the following paper by Mr. Hughes. 
