part 3 .] Ly (hither; Fossil Mammalian Fauna; of India and Burma. 
93 
On looking through the foregoing lists.it will be observed that there is but one species of 
Mammal common to the faun® of the Nerbudda beds and the lower Sub-Himalayan Siwaliks, 
viz., Stegodon insignis; the remains of this species are far less common in proportion to 
those of other animals in the Nerbudda beds than in the Siwaliks: this fact indicates 
that the species was rapidly dying out in the latter period, beyond which the genus is 
unknown. Bubalus palcetndicus has been quite lately discovered (in company with Camelus 
sivalensis ) in the topmost beds of the Siwaliks, which have not hitherto yielded other 
Mammalian remains: as this species is not found in the lower Siwaliks, I have placed these 
uppermost beds in near relation to the Nerbudda beds. Since, as noticed above, the genera 
Hippopotamus and Stegodon are the only forms at present not generically represented among 
the living Indian fauna, there can bo no doubt as to the very modern age of these deposits. 
The only two species of Mammalia at present satisfactorily determined to be common to 
the Sub-Himalayan, Irawadi, and Perim Island beds are Acerotherium perimense (this 
species was added last year to the Siwalik Fauna by Mr. W. Theobald’s discovery of two 
well-preserved upper molars in these strata) and Mastodon latidens. 
Both the species of Mastodon, which occur in the Siwaliks, are also found in the 
Irawadi beds; but the Rhinoceros of the latter deposits is very markedly distinct from any 
of the Siwalik species. (The molai’s of the Irawadi Rhinoceros in the Indian Museum I shall 
describe on a future occasion.) The species of Hexaprotodon are also different in the two 
deposits: the same species of Merycopotamus, however, occurs in both. Stegodon cliftii 
appears to he peculiar to the Irawadi beds; it is the species most nearly allied to the 
Mastodons, and is therefore probably the oldest of the genus; teeth of Mastodon are very 
common in these beds, while true elephants appear to he absent; bnt I cannot lay- great stress 
upon this point at present; if the absence of Euelephas be confirmed by a more thorough ex¬ 
amination of these strata, I should be well-nigh sure that these beds are older than the Siwaliks. 
A new genus of Ruminant, for which I propose the name of Yishnutherium, closely related to, 
hut smaller than, Sivatherium and Jtramaiherium, has been determined by r me from a portion 
of a lower jaw with teeth obtained from these beds by Mr. W. T. Stanford. Remains of spe¬ 
cialised Ruminants like Cervus, Bos, and Antilope, as also of Equ/is, are far more rare in the 
Irawadi beds than in the Siwaliks—facts probably pointing to the somewhat older age of 
the former. 
From the Mammaliferous beds of Perim Island, Acerotherium perimense and Mas¬ 
todon latidens are the only two Mammals which I have been able satisfactorily to identify 
with the Siwalik fauna; the one molar of Sus from Perim in the Indian Museum seems, however, 
to be the same as the Siwalik Sus hysudricus. All the other species at present determined are 
peculiar to this district: out of seven genera, four are quite extinct, and two of these, viz., Dino- 
therium and Bramatherium, are not found in the typical Sub-Himalayan Siwaliks. The 
presence of the former of these genera indicates a relationship between this fauna and that 
of Sind, and the Attock beds. 
The extinct Mammalian fauna of the Siwaliks of Sind, as far as it is at present known, 
seems to indicate a group distinguished from that of the typical Sub-Himalayan deposits. 
Among the small hut interesting collection of fossils brought from this district by Mr. 
Fedden, I notice the absence of Equus and Bo void Ruminants, and the presence of Dinothe- 
rium, Dorcatherium, and Merycopotamus (all extinct). listriodon has been found in 
these beds, and single teeth have been obtained from Attock and the Potwar (Theobald), but 
not from the true Siwaliks of Falconer : it would therefore seem probable that this genus in 
tertiary times was confined to the western side of Upper India, not ranging into the Ravi 
and Satlej districts. Two species of Rhinoceros have been brought by Mr. Fedden from 
