96 Records of the Geological Survey of India. [vol. rx. 
Again, we find the twenty-six following genera common to the Indian Tertiaries and to 
the Tertiaries of Europe, viz .:— 
Proboscidia, Mastodon, loxodon, Euelephas, Dinotlierium. 
Pertssodactyla, Rhinoceros, Aceruthermm, Fquns, IUppotherinm, Listriodon. 
Artiodactyla, Hippopotamus, Sits, Ciudicotherium, Dorcatherium, Cervus, Bos, Bison, 
Capra, Camelopardalis.* 
Carnivora, Ampldryon, Ursus, Felis, Drepanodon, Hycena, Lutra, Hycenarctos, Canis. 
From the above list we find that more than half the number of genera of Mammalia 
which occur in the Indian Tertiaries are also found in the Tertiary fauna of Europe. In 
contrast to this if we turn to the living fauna of Europe, we find the following eight genera 
common to it and the Indian Tertiary fauna, viz .:— 
Artiodactyla, Sus. Bos, Bison, Capra, Cervus. 
Carnivora, Ursus, Felis, Lutra. 
Finally we find the following fourteen genera peculiar to the Indian Tertiaries :— 
Proboscidia. Stegodon. 
Perissodactyla, Antoletherium. 
Artiodactyla, Hexaprotodon, Tetraconodon. Meryeopotamus, Hippohyus, Ferihos, 
Hemihos. Amphibos, Sivatherium, Bramatherium, Vishnutherium. 
Carnivora, TJrsilaxus, Fnhydriodon. 
From the foregoing we arrive at the following results: firstly, that all the species of 
Mammalia found in the Indian Tertiaries below the Nerbudda beds are extinct; and that 
the following are the relations of the genera,:— 
Extinct ... ... ... ... ... 25 
Peculiar to Indian Tertiaries ... ... ... 14 
Common to Indian and European Tertiaries ... ... 26 
Common to fossil and living Indian fauna ... ... 17 
Common to Indian Tertiaries and modern Africa ... 12 
Common to Indian Tertiaries and modern Europe ... 8 
The greatest number of genera common to any two periods occur in the Tertiaries of Europe 
and India; next to them the greatest common number is found in the living and fossil 
Indian fauna; thirdly, a small number of genera is common to the extinct fauna of India, 
and the living fauna of Africa; a few genera are common to the extinct Indian fauna and 
the modern European fauna; while a larger number of genera are common to the living 
faunae of India and Africa. 
The above results appear clearly to point to some former connection by land between the 
continents of India, Africa and Europe. The former land connection between India and 
Africa has been strongly insisted upon by several modern naturalists ; this ancient land con¬ 
nection has been named “ Indo-Oceunia” by Mr. PI. E. Blanford in a recent paper, 
(Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lond., November 1875) by which name it will he cited here. The 
writers who have argued for the existence of this ancient continent have been led to form their 
opinions by the study of their own particular branches of science ; another line of evidence 
derived from the fossil Mammalia cannot but add strength to the hypothesis. 
» Up. Miocene of Attica: and perhaps in France ; see Gerrais, Palaintologie et Zoologie Fransais, p. 142. 
