part 4.] Lydeleter: Geology of Pir Panjal and neighbouring Districts. 157 
The course of the Jhelum between its bends at MozafFarabad and Uri runs either on or 
near to the line of a broken anticlinal: the beds on the north bank are of a darker colour* 
and more slaty structure with less sandstone, than those on the south bank, which are like 
the upper Mari beds; the beds on the north bank approach in character closely to those of 
the Pine River in Jamu. The Jhelum anticlinal continues its course near the boundary of 
the red rocks down to Punch, where it becomes lost among the complicated disturbances and 
foldings which have there taken place. 
4 rom Un to a little below Punch it will he observed on the map that the strike of all 
the rocks becomes nearly due north and south, returning to its normal line at Rajaori. The 
limestone hills to the east ot the Haji-Pir are remarkable for their peculiarly, even summits, 
A strong band of buff nummulitic limestone with black shale bauds, capped by purple and 
green splintery shales, runs to the south from the Haji-Pir, dying out to the north-west of 
Punch. 
A well-marked anticlinal flexure runs through the purple rocks from Rajaori to the 
north-west. 
A north and south section along the course of tho Aus River from Sar to Arnas cuts 
through the whole of the red series from the metamorphic junction to the Great Limestone 
atRiassi: the beds throughout this section have the prevailing north-east dip, and appear 
to be arranged in a series of step-faults ; a fault seems to me to occur at the base of each 
main ridge, the lower beds always consisting of dark purple slatey shales with few sandstones, 
while the upper beds are composed of the brighter red clays and purple sandstones of the 
Mari series. I have never seen in any of theso sections the coarse (Siwalik?) conglomerate 
capping the red series as described by Mr. Medlicott above Ohineni. 
Another large outcrop of tho (< Great Limestone” has been mapped by me along the 
north bank of the Chiiiab, occurring as usual on a broken anticlinal line. At Shartalla this 
limestone is nearly vertical with a north-east underlie; it is succeeded suddenly by the red 
clays and purplish sandstones of the upper Mari series, with nearly the same dip and strike 
and apparently conformably; to the west of the village of Shartalla, however, the red beds 
of the spur on which the village stands are seen striking against the broken edges of a high 
cliff of the limestone, showing the existence of fault with a probably very great downthrow. 
Lo traces of the nummulitic series which occur in such force resting upon tho Great Lime¬ 
stone at Arnas are seen at Shartalla. 
Here I would say a lew words as to the probable age of the Great Limestone, upon 
which, I think, the present inlier throws a little light. This limestone as it occurs at 
Riassi has been well described by Mr. Medlicott (sup. tit .); I may add that when seen from 
a short distance its general appearance is very massive, and exhibits hut slight signs of 
distinct stratification in its lower beds, although Mr. Medlicott tells me the higher beds are 
more distinctly stratified. 
The base oi the limestone outcrop on the north of the Chinab has precisely the same 
appearance as the Riassi limestone; but on passing north and coming to the topmost beds of 
the series at Shartalla, we find a great change in the character of the rock : instead of conti¬ 
nuing with the same unstratified massive appearance, it becomes thin-bedded, less eherty 
in structure, and more blue in colour, with a very characteristic banded or ribboned look. 
These uppermost beds are exactly similar in character to the carboniferous limestone of 
Veruag in the Kashmir valley, described by Major Godwin-Austen (sup. cit .); and I think 
the two are very probably of the same age. The only fossil I found in the Shartalla lime¬ 
stone was a portion of a Fenestella, weathered out on the surface of a cliff, but which I was 
unable to detach; many portions of the Kashmir carboniferous are similarly unfossiliferous. 
