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Records of tie Geological Survey of India. 
[VOL. IX. 
no doubt as to their aqueous origin ; in other places the amygdaloids pass up into slates. How 
far the former presence of cavities (now filled by amygdala) in these rocks militates against 
their inetamorphic origin, as indicating the absence of excessive pressure, I leave to more 
experienced physicists than myself to judge; I have never seen these amygdaloidal rocks in 
contact with strata of the Sinndr group, as noticed by Mr. Medlicott on the Ravi {sup. cit., 
p. 52). Whatever view may be held as to their origin, there can be no doubt but that they 
are contemporaneous with the great mass of rocks of the Pir Panjal. Dr. Stoliczka in his 
Yarkand Journal (p. 4) considers the similar amygdaloidal rooks of Kashmir as inetamorphic. 
Continuing our section up the Suran River, we come upon another band of blue earthy 
limestone at the village of Bifliage, followed by the same series of amygdaloids and slates. 
This second band of limestone appears to be faulted against the amygdaloids of the outer 
group, and is probably only a repetition of the same series. The whole of the rocks noticed 
above have a steady north-easterly dip. The green and purple amygdaloidal series come to an 
end about a mile below Baramgalla ; they are succeeded by silky magnesian shales. Thick 
bands of white quartzite arc here and there interstrati fled with the shales. 
Owing to the great quantity of snow on the pass, I only went along the road as far as 
the halting place of Poshiana; shales and amygdaloids continue thus far with the same dip ; 
pebbles of the same rocks form the only debris brought down by the streams, so these pro¬ 
bably continue all the way up to the pass. The only other rock I noticed in the streams was 
a very hard silicious conglomerate, containing pebbles of quartzite and slate. I did not see 
this rock in situ ; it probably indicates a break somewhere in the slate series. Gneiss does 
not occur anywhere on the south side of the pass. Between Baramgalla and Rajaori the 
same slate and amygdaloid series continues, but the Un limestone is not exposed at the base. 
To the eastward of the Pir Panjal Pass, along the valley of the Aus River, I have not 
been able to take any section across the strike of the strata for a considerable distance, 
havin'’ - merely followed the boundary of the inetamorphic rocks. The series of rocks in this 
region exposed at the base of the slate series differ considerably in character from those to 
the westward. At the village of Kiel the following series is well exposed along the bank 
of a tributary stream; the section is from below upwards:— 
a. —Purple or white, fine grained, glistening quartzites ; base not exposed, and top only 
seen at intervals. 
b. —Black shales (50 to 200 feet thick), containing thin bright bends of brittle coal, 
and nodules of iron-ore; in many places the shales are altered into hard black 
slates. 
c. —Dark blue earthy limestone, frequently bituminiferous ; sometimes massive but more 
usually nodular, passing gradually up into the next zone. 
d. —Amygdaloidal and black slate series. 
These I shall subsequently designate as the Iviol group. 
The limestones appear to he very similar in mineralogical character to those of U’ri, 
occupying the same relative position Under the inetamorphic series. The coal shales are not 
found at U'ri, but occupy the position of tho green and purple shales of that place. The coal 
never occurs in layers of more than an inch in thickness, and these do not extend continu¬ 
ously for more than short distances. The occurrence of these slightly - altered limestones and 
coal shales at the base of the metamorphia series, seems to point to tho same conclusion as 
at U'ri, viz., inversion, these strata being the newer of the two. 
At the village of Sang on the Aus River, the white quartzites of the Iviol series are 
seen abutting by a faulted junction against the red sandstones and clays of the Sirrnur 
