part 4.] Tydelcker: Geology of Fir Panjal and neighbouring Districts. 161 
group, the contrast of the two colours forming a very striking feature, seen for many miles 
down the valley. The coal-bearing shales of the Riol group become more altered towards the 
east; up the valley of the Golabgarh stream porpkyritic gneiss similar to that of U'rf occurs ; 
the gneiss alternates with the slate series. 
The Kiol series corresponds somewhat in mineralogical characters to the Math and 
Ruling series of Dr. Stoliczka (Notes on North-Western Himalaya, Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind., 
vol. V, p. 135), both alike containing white quartzites, shales, limestones, (altered) sandstones ; 
the Ruling series is, however, of Triassic age, and from their position and from the 
absence of carboniferous limestone beneath them, 1 doubt whether the Riol series could 
belong to the former period; they seem rather to correspond with the lower beds of Major 
Godwin-Austen’s sections to the north of Plr Panjal, which Dr. Stoliczka conjectured might 
be of Silurian age. The great mass of metamorphic rocks on the north side of the Pir Panjal 
may still be considered as of Cambrian age, the Riol series as probably Silurian, and perhaps 
partly carboniferous, while the Great Limestone of Mr. Medlicott should be entirely carboni¬ 
ferous. The limestones and shales of U'rf correspond in relative position with those of the 
Riol series, and may very probably be placed on the same horizon. Mr. Wynne thought the 
D'ri rocks were of Triassic age ; but then, as in the case of the Riol series, there would be no 
representative of the great carboniferous limestone between the Uri limestones and the 
metamorphics. 
The accompanying diagrammatic section taken from the village of Turu on the east 
bank of the Aus River into Rashmir, explains my idea of the sequence of the strata. The 
ridge of central gneiss forms an unsymmetrical anticlinal axis, covered by inverted Cambrian 
strata on the south, and followed by Cambrian and Silurian strata, much contorted and 
folded, on the north; beyond the Silurians there is a fault separating them from the carboni¬ 
ferous limestones of Rashmfr. 
The last section which I have taken extends from the Chfnab River, across the Banihal 
Pass into Rashmir, and is partly represented in the foregoing diagram. The bright red clays 
of the Sirmur series are nearly vertical whore they lie against the metamorphics on the Ghana 
River. Along the north bank of this river the limestones aud shales of the Riol series are 
not exposed. The rocks seen consist of black and rusty brown slates, generally splitting into 
irregular flaggy masses, intercalated with frequent beds of quartzite. At the distance of 
about a mile and a half up the Bicblari stream, wo come upon a fiue-grained gneiss, some¬ 
times kornblendie and sometimes porphyritic like that of U'rf; this gneiss lias at first 
a north-easterly dip of about C0° (inverted), becomes quite vertical'at Pantol, and beyond this 
again requires a north-easterly underlie. The vertical rocks of Pantol form lofty cliffs between 
which the river flows in a narrow gorge. At both its boundaries the gneiss intercalates 
with semi-crystalline rocks, and these again with the slate series, so that it becomes almost 
impossible to define on the map the exact boundaries of the different rocks. 
The gneiss does not extend to the northward beyond the village of Gangna, at which 
place it is succeeded by the overlying series of black and green splinting schists. In places 
there are a few bends of the green amygdaloids; and a few veins of carbonaceous shale 
occur in the shaly grits which occur about three miles north of Gangna. A little above Goond 
there are a few bands of blue earthy limestone, alternating with coarse greyish sandstones 
and grits, showing but very slight signs of metamorpbism. Along the Banihal stream a 
synclinal and an anticlinal fold run through the grit strata. 
On the Banihal Pass these strata contain bands of white and pinkish cherty grits, 
black flaggy shales, and a few green amygdaloids, all with a steady north-easterly dip ; there 
are also a few bands of a fine-grained grit conglomerate and strings of white quartzite. These 
