paut 1.] Lythicker: Fertelraia from Teriiaries and Secondaries of India. 37 
The above table indicates a somewhat long period of time to which to refer the Kota- 
Maleri and Denwa beds; but I think we are justified in saying that they are not homotaxi- 
cally older than the upper Trias or newer than the lower or middle Lias of Europe, and that 
they might, with a fair show of probability, be referred to the Rhaetic period, or somewhere 
very close to that period. 
The whole of the vertebrates from the Denwa and Kota-Maleri groups, as well as those 
from the older Panchet group, were inhabitants either of fresh water or of the land, and 
therefore indicate either a lluviatile or sub-aerial origin for the groups of rocks in which 
their remains are embedded. 
The following remarks as to how the above determination agrees with the assigned posi¬ 
tion of the Denwa and Ivota-Maleri beds have been kindly added by Mr. Medlicott:— 
_ The Denwa fossil is a very timely finddirectly, as the first fossil from an immense 
thickness of strata; and indirectly, because, so far as it is identifiable with others from outly¬ 
ing localities, it supplies the all-important test of stratigraphical position, occurring as it 
does in the fullest continuous section of the Gondwana deposits. In this way it already 
furnishes a confirmation of the horizon, as very recently determined by Dr. Feistmantel, for 
the Kota-Maleri beds, and also for his judgment upon the relations of the Jabalpur and 
Rajmahal groups. 
Prom a fair amount of evidence, Dr. Feistmantel has insisted on the close correspondence 
between the flora of the Umia zone (the top of the Jurassic series of Each) and that of the 
Jabalpur group (the top of the Gondwana series in Central India), both having a strong 
Bathonien facies. The Eajmakal group he placed lower, the flora having Liassic affinities. 
The Kota-Maleri beds have hitherto been taken to be on the Panchet horizon, and therefore 
lower Gondwana. A few plant fossils were lately found in those localities; those from the 
hone beds were Jabalpur species; and in the underlying beds a Rajmahal plant occurred, 
d he stratigraphical separation not being very decided, the group may be taken as represent¬ 
ing the Rajmahal and an overlying zone. From Mr. Lydekker’s estimate it would seem that 
the vertebrate remains are of a somewhat older type than that of the flora. 
In the continuous section of the Satpura basin, the Denwa beds occupy an upper-middle 
position in the great thickness of the upper Gondwana strata, hitherto vaguely spoken of as 
the Mahadeva series,# between the Jabalpur group and the Bijori beds, which have been suffi¬ 
ciently identified with the Kamthi-Raniganj horizon of the lower Goudwanas in other areas. 
Several hundred feet of strata, known as the Bagra beds, occur between the Denwa and the 
Jabalpur beds; and below the Denwa group occurs the great Pachmari sandstone, the base 
of which has been conjectured as the probable horizon of the Panchets. In this standard 
section, then, the Denwa iossil confirms in a very satisfactory manner the position indepen¬ 
dently assigned from the flora for the Kota-Maleri group. If we could venture to press 
closely such slight evidence, we might conjecture that the Rajmahal group will have to take 
its equivalent out of the great Pachmari sandstone. 
In his independent classification from examination in the field, Mr. Hughes places the 
Kota-Maleri beds low in the upper Gondwana series; well below the Balanpur coal, which 
very closely represents the coal in the Jabalpur group of the Satpura region. 
If the fossil which Mr. Lydekker doubtfully identifies as Parasuchian from Each should 
prove to bo such, and thus a connecting link with the Kota-Maleri and Denwa horizon, we 
should have made an important step in extending the parallel between the marine Jurassic 
senes ol Each and the Gondwana series; for that fossil also occurs well below the Umia- 
Jabalpur horizon, in the Chari on the Katrol group of Dr. Stoliczka’s classification. 
* Mem. Geol. Survey, Vol. X. 
