PART 2 .] 
Ball: Algarfi sandstones near Cultach. 
65 
West of tlie above-described boundary, gneiss crops out in various places, forming low 
hillocks and ridges. There are two principal varieties : one felspathie containing garnets and 
sometimes magnetic iron, and the other hornblendic. Close to Kusanpur there is a bossy 
mass of granitic gneiss striking north-cast—south-west, dip north-west. 
From hence eastward the section exhibited along the northern bank of the Mahanadi 
gives the best view of the rocks that can be obtained; but owing to the general horizontality 
of the beds and the lowness of the hills, the total thickness exposed must bo inconsiderable. 
Between Gopalpur hill and those which touch the river at Phoolwari, a large fertile bay, 
encircled by ridges of sandstone, occupies the space, the rocks being covered up by alluvium. 
In the river channel, too, throughout this interval, no rocks are exposed. At Phoolwari the 
hills consist of the same sandstones and grits, with pebbles and a pudding-stone strangely 
resembling one which occurs at the top of the highest hills in the west of the Talchir field. 
A dip to the south of these beds, where seen near the bank, I attribute to mere local 
undermining by the river. 
In the channel of the river, below Phoolwari, is a small island formed of sandstones. 
These on the east shew a dip to south-east, but this, however, also appears to be only local 
and due to the action of the river. 
Between Phoolwari and Balrampur the rocks above and under the river bank appear to 
be identically the same beds as those above mentioned—in their horizontal extension. In 
the hill close to the river near Bulrampur there are sandstones with a considerable cap of 
laterrte; under the bank the section of the former discloses a dip of 10°-20° to south and 
south-west, but further inland the same beds are quite flat. 
Between Balrampur and the Sambalpur road the rocks where seen are of the same 
general character as before, but on the river bank at Maneskwar there are white sandstones 
with clays, and on the islet opposite a sandy false-bedded conglomerate of very recent aspect 
dips south-south-west at 7°. 
On the southern bank of the river the sandstones first appear near the village of Naraj, 
below the Public Works Department bungalow, close to the point whei'e the Mahanadi sends 
off its branch, the Kajuri. The sandstones here are somewhat loose-textured, strong silicio- 
felspathic rocks with partings of red and white clays. A quarry in active operation 
exposes a working face of about 30 feet high. The stones from this locality are largely 
employed, chiefly as ashlar for the irrigation works. Portions, however, dress fairly, and 
the general appearance resembles that of the sandstone quarried at Barakar. Inland from 
this, spreads of laterite and alluvium cover up and conceal these rocks, and in the Sideshar* 
hill, which is about a quarter of a mile further up the river bank, they arc locally abruptly 
cut off by a vertical dyke of basaltic trap, from the opposite or southern side of which a 
thickness of about 80 feet of shales dips suddenly away at angles of 10°-12°. The sudden 
appearance of these shales suggests the existence of a fault, through the fissure caused by 
* Under the heading “ Section of a Hill in Cuttack supposed to be likely to contain coal,” Lieut. Kittoe gives 
a sketch and account of this hill, to which is appended a note by Dr. McClelland. The sketch, which was drawn 
by Dr. McClelland, is something- in the willow-pattern style of art, but represents the relations of the rooks. 
Dr. McClelland calls the black and colored shales chalk, a term which is certainly not applicable to them. 
Neither is the term trachytic applicable to the basaltic trap. Some calcareous matter is stated t.e occur at the 
junction of the trap with the day shales forming “ a true vein,” in which there are said to be “ fragment of 
primary clay mechanically mixed with plates of silvery mica—ingredients which must have been derived from 
below.” This vein was filled with rubbish from the top at the time of my visit. The occurrence of the clay-slate 
and mica is probably to be accounted for by a partial metamorphism caused by the dyke. 
‘ J. A. S. B., Vol. VII, 1838, p. 152. 
