no 
Records of (he Geological Survey of India. 
[vot. x. 
The fault or contact-line, by its existence, proves the same thing: if there be displace¬ 
ment, the groups on each side cannot be exactly identical: if no displacement, there is no 
room for lateral transition ; and if there should be unconformity, the groups must be even more 
distinct. The great limestones overlie, with conformity, actual in the Salt Range and apparent 
in the northern hills, cretaceous and Jurassic rocks, a relation in which the upper nummulitic 
beds are never fouud ; on the contrary, these are united by intercalation with post-nummulitic 
rocks. 
Notwithstanding, there are places in the other areas in which a certain resemblance 
to the upper nummulitic character is found. The Salt Region beyond the Indus is one of 
these, and at the eastern end of the Salt Range (near some typical “Murree beds”) 
there are a few laj'ers at the top of and above the nummulitic limestone which have an 
“ upper ” aspect. 
Some of the local distinctions between the four nummulitic areas above mentioned coin¬ 
cide with marked variety in the facies, the size, or the abundance of their fossils. I am 
unable to state how far specific differences may exist, the collections not having undergone 
palaeontological examination ; but the impression of both vertical and horizontal distribution 
was gathered in the field. If this be the case, the conditions of one province may have 
invaded another, and thus blended the characters of deposits, generally contemporaneous no 
doubt, though perhaps not strictly synchronous one with another. 
All the tertiary rocks under notice are, so far as is known, conformable and consecutive. 
The most distinct demarcations between the different groups occur:—at the top of the Salt 
Range nummulitic limestone where in contact with the Murree beds; and, between the upper 
and lower nummulitics, by reason of dislocation, at the northern side of the trough. 
Beyond the Indus the upper boundary of the limestone is frequently as distinct as in the Salt 
Range, but there are also obscure indications of transition by alternation upwards. All the 
other junctions are more transitional and indefinite. To such an extent is this the case, that 
it is impossible to say exactly where the change took place between the older marine and the 
newer fresh-water conditions. 
Although stratigraphical conformity is obvious throughout the tertiary series, there are 
traces at several horizous of local breaks not otherwise apparent than by the presence of 
derived pebbles belonging to older portions of the same series, in some instances accompanied 
by small fragments of still earlier rocks. It is only at the upper limits of the Salt Range and 
Trans-Indus limestone that these derived nummulitic and other pebbles are coincident with 
the boundaries of any of the sub-divisions; they aie elsewhere not limited to particular 
horizons. 
A sketch map of the country herein referred to is annexed. It is on the same scale 
as that to accompany Mr. Medlicott’s paper, and has the same colouring for the tertiary 
groups, the distinction now suggested of upper and lower nummulitics being also indicated. 
Both maps, joined at the meridian 74°, will convey a comprehensive view of the tertiary 
region of the Upper Panjab. 
PnYSICAt, FOEM OF THE GEOtJND. 
The space referred to in this paper may he spoken of as lying between the Salt Range to 
the south and the outer Himalayan lulls to the north, and extending from the river Jkelum 
that tliis rock specifically represents the “ Hill limestoneand that its greater development to the west may have 
so taken place, that, partly at the expense °i ’tie upper deposits, the two would be in part representative of 
each other in tho different regions. But this latter part of the conjecture is quite independent of the former, which 
scarcely admits of question: if the distinction of an upper and a lower nummuliiie zone holds good, as is not 
unlikely, it will have to be carried out in the Jamu hills as well as in Hazara.—H. 11. M, 
