US 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. x. 
faults, without success or probability; unless the 750 feet of limestone and some adjacent 
undoubtedly upper beds may have once formed part of an anticlinal curve, all trace of which 
is now lost..* Independently of this doubtful section, the group may be taken as including 
from 500 to 1,500 feet of rocks. 
The place of the whole upper beds as newer than the more solid and massive limestones 
occupying a central position in the district, is fixed by the following section found at Chorgali 
(Khaire M&rut ridge) southwards from Fatahjaug: thickness about 400 feet; inclination 
generally high to tho north and turning over southwards:— 
Lower, transitional part of 
Murree beds 
Upper Nummulitic 
Lower Nummulitic 
( Purple, grey, and greenish sandstones and pseudo-conglomcratic concre- 
# j tionary beds; clays, if present, concealed; rocks locally crushed in 
l places. 
C Hard whitish sandstone, including- a mass of nodular limestone. 
Pseudo-conglomeratic, calcareous, concretionary ** junction-layer” with con¬ 
centric concretions and subangular lumps; nummulitic limestone; 
striaes, layers, and groups of Nummulites in the paste. 
Lumpy limestone with purple and dark shaly partings. 
^ White splintery shales. 
| Strong lumpy limestone. 
Mass of pale greenish shale, with two bcdB of earthy limestone ; whitish 
hard, marly limestone, alternating with a few lumpy layers below; 
k conforming to an arch of,— 
(Hard lavender-grey nummulitic limestone of the same kind as forms 
-j the nearest parr, of the Chita Pahar range and the mass of the 
(. Mtirut ridge. 
The massive gypsum, red clays, and most highly fossiliferous bods are wanting here. 
This, together with the scanty representatives of the group in the few uppermost layers of 
the Salt Range much further southwards, may indicate a gradual disappearance of the zone 
in that direction, or even by lateral transition, it being represented in the upper portion of 
the Salt Range limestones. 
It is in this upper group that the principal petroleum springs of the country (such as 
they are) are situated. The mineral oil does not appear to be confined to any particular 
horizon or even to tho group, being found among limestones nearly in the middle of the Chita 
range, in the nummulitic beds beyond the Indus and impregnating the salt in places. It 
occurs just below the junction of the limestone with the overlying sandstones at Jaba in the 
Western Salt Range, and there are traces of it in the sandstones of the Murree group near the 
Murut ridge. Sulphur springs often occur iu association with the oil. 
Murree Group .—In this great transition group the passage has probably taken place 
from tho nummulitic marine conditions to those of the fresh-water series above. Among its 
very lowest layers, which are inseparable from the underlying group, I found a bed close upon 
the limestone, containing thick, strongly ribbed shell-casts of marine aspect (a Cardium ?), asso¬ 
ciated with numerous and large crocodilian remains (see Trans-Indus Memoir, pp. 130, 135), 
Iu detail these rocks include harder sandstones than occur higher in the series, often of 
pale grey or purplish colour below, and crowded with obscure plaut-impressions resembling 
Fucoids associated with Annelidan markings. Such beds are not unfrequently ripple-marked. 
A strong purple colour pervades the whole lower portion of the group, which shows an 
cudless alternation of red and purple clays, with purple and greyer thick or thin sandstones 
and concretionary earthy or slightly calcareous bands. In upper portions and among southern 
representatives of these Murree beds, pale, soft, grey or greenish sandstone zones are intercal¬ 
ated with the more usual purplish clays and sandstones. To the southward, also, and more 
* For further details of this section, see Recoiyls, Vol. VII, Pt. 2. 
