part 3 .] Wynne: Tertiary zone and underlying rocks in N.-W. Punjab. 129 
17. Dark grey quartzite, with black flaggy slate bands, and white flaggy calcareous 
layers (600 ft.). 
16. Silicious gritty beds. 
15. Grey and purplish, rippled, thick-bedded slate (1,500 ft. p). 
14. Grey, purple, and greenish flaggy limestone. 
13. Dark green calcareous slates, thinly laminated. 
12. White flaggy limestone with yellow lines, among grey slaty beds. 
11. Dark grey and variegated limestone, magnesian, compact, with ferruginous 
strings; a black earthy layer and several shale partings, one hard blue 
band crowded with sections of thin flat bivalves, shelly parts often oolitic- 
and contain sections of pentagonal crinoid stems. 
10. Purple slaty band. 
9. Black and greenish shining shale or clay, flaky; layers and nodules of grey 
oolitic limestone. 
8. Black limestone—dolomitic in places, then of brownish grey colour. 
7. Green-olive fine slate. 
6. Strong grey and variegated yellow and black limestone : no fossils. 
5. Brownish grey and purple slaty band, passing up into yellowish and green 
calcareous slate (about 200 ft.). 
4. AVhite flaggy lithographic limestone, thin and flaggy above, alternating with 
grey bands, like Solenhofeu lithographic slate, upper part lavender-coloured. 
3. Greenish olive; dark, shaly ferruginous, thin hand (same as Darwaza ” lime¬ 
stone on Indus near Dakner). 
2. Brownish yellow brecciated limestone, overlying. 
1. Olive shales with ferruginous concretions. 
The correlation of this section cannot be usefully attempted till the ground has 
received further examination. The series appears to rise in the direction indicated by the 
progressive numbers, hut may he affected by faults and inversion in part. The southern 
end would seem to belong to the slate series ; further on, the only guess which Dr. Waagen 
could hazard from the imperfect organisms found, was that the zone (so marked in the 
section) might be cretaceous ; while the upper part, presumably faulted against the slates, is 
certainly nummulitic and perhaps upper nummulitie. The thickness exposed must be great, 
but could only he estimated for some of the zones. 
“ Jurassic." —Jurassic rocks are known to exist in many places beneath the lower 
nummulitic beds. They, too, are chiefly limestones and not of widely different aspect from 
those overlying. In the southerly parts of these northern hills they usually contain a well- 
marked rusty zone, enclosing small grains of quartz, which give a rough appearance to the 
weathered surface of the rock. This zone is sometimes a mass of fossils, chiefly of large 
Trigonia ventrieosa* of which the matted and intertangled casts can only be obtained. 
T. costata occurs also, hut the sections of the larger species give a very marked character 
to the weathered surface of the rock. 
In the hills near Margala pass, where broken portions of the Trigonia rock occur, the 
associated beds contain fragments of Ammonites and Belemnites. Again, to the west near 
Jang, the latter and G-ryphcea abound in one or two layers just below the Trigonia bed. 
Ammonites of well-known Himalayan formsf are numerous in the Spiti shales of Chamba 
* Determined by Dr. Feistmantel. 
t Oppelia acucincta, Straehey, Perisphinctes frequens Opp.f conf. Simplex , Sow., Belemnites Gerardi Opp, 
Inoceramus, Cuculcea and Peden are the fossils mentioned by Dr. Waagen. Records, G. S. I., Vol. V, para. 1, p. 17. 
