132 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. x. 
distinguishable. At the northern side of this basin the beds become gradually tilted; the 
gravelly conglomeratic beds and clays pass down into the red and gray rocks of the lower 
group to near Khaire-Murut ridge, where the angles are very highly inclined, or vertical 
bedding is found in the purple Nahan-Sinnur group. In places on both sides of this ridge 
there are traces of the upper nummulitic beds intervening between the limestone of the hill 
and the purple roclcs on its flanks, but the junction on either side as frequently has the 
appearance of a fault. Henco to the vicinity of Fatahjang numberless steep inclinations 
towards the north and south in the Nahan-Sirmur rocks indicate the closely-folded and com- 
pi-essed curves of the beds, which are both disturbed and displaced at the upper nummulitic 
zone, as may be seen where the alternating limestones, shales, &c., mark the arrangement 
more distinctly. As an example of the contortion here I may mention that thirteen anticlinal 
curvatures are shown within 3,000 feet horizontally in one of Mr. Lyman’s very carefully 
detailed sections at the Fatahjang petroleum springs, and there are many similar cases. 
It not unfrequently occurs along the junction of the upper nummulitic zone with the 
stronger limestones of the adjacent hills, that there is a small space between the two occupied 
by rocks resembling those outside that zone. This is sometimes due to combined faulting and 
inversion, but the contortion is often so great that it is difficult to say whether there are not 
some intervening red and purple sandstones and clays really present. Sometimes also there 
are but very few layers of the well-developed upper nummulitic character to be found in 
their usual position, as at Shaladitta, where the main zone is a mile and a half to the 
southward, and the usual lower sandstones and clays of the Nahan-Sirmur group, containing 
occasional layers of upper nummulitic type, are faulted against, rather than rest on, the 
Jurassic limestone of the hills.* 
In this section (No. 2) the solid limestones of the Chita Pahar range are of unusually 
pale colour, and sometimes full of nummulites. At the northern base of the range they ar e 
in contact with a highly disturbed and faulted zone of upper nummulitic beds. Further north 
the rocks beneath are concealed by heavy accumulation of valley beds (syenitie gravel and 
gray sands), until at Khaire Murat the hard triassic-looking limestones show themselves in 
a folded state capped by and faulted against nummulitic limestone, below which the 
Diceroaa/rdium and overlying limestones (some of them Jurassic?) of Hassan Abdal rest 
upon slightly exposed Attock slates, such as are seen with many intercalated and associated 
limestone masses on Gandgarh to the north. 
In section No. 3 the carboniferous limestone of the Salt Range is shown appearing 
thicker than it is on account of the vertical exaggeration. The groups below it are the 
“ speckled sandstone,” “ purple sandstone,” and “ gypseous “ salt-bearing series, while the 
mesozoic formations above include the triassic Ceratite beds and Jurassic sandstones and lime, 
stones overlaid by the strong nummulitic limestone. The section continues through the same 
series as before, traversing the great upper Siwaiik conglomerates of the Mokud region, the 
slightly fossiliferous bone and wood-bearing rocks of Jand and Nara, the upper nummuli¬ 
tic limestone and secondary limestones (probably both trias and Jura) of the Chita range, 
then turning eastward in the river Indus traverses the valley deposits of the Kamalpur 
plains and the slates and limestones of the Attock hills, as shown in the section. 
Compare Records, Vol. IX, p. 156, para. 3. 
