142 
Records of the Geological Survey of India. 
[vol. x. 
This block is not a particularly large one, though its presence in so line a bed demands 
a special explanation, but it is valuable as clearly displaying the fact that some, at all events, 
oi the erratics which overspread the surface are weathered in situ out of a lacustrine silt 
indicative at some former period of both lacustrine and glacial conditions in the Potwar. 
Near the burial-ground of Jand a deep section of this fine silt is seen, and on it 
another erratic is seen of about a cubic yard in contents, and this, there seems no reasonable 
doubt, has also weathered out in situ, though it is not so self-evident as in the other case. 
It will hardly, I think, be contended that these erratics were transported by floating 
trees, for this reason, that they are random samples of that spattering of similar blocks 
many of which are too huge to be capable of any other transport than ice; and this embedded 
block at all events, from the nature of the materials which surround it, could have been 
transported by no debacle or even moraine, but must have quietly sunk where it now lies. 
The first erratic noticed by me (being first discovered by apprentice Kishen Sing) was 
in a small stream less than a quarter of a mile west of Pind Sultani on the road from 
Rawalpindi to Jand. At this spot two blocks of a gneissic rock, which probably once 
formed a single fragment, are seen lying half buried in the sand of a small stream. The 
larger fragment is nearly ten feet in its greatest length, and nothing approaching this size is 
seen in the ordinary surface gravel, or in the section of the banks of the stream wherein 
these blocks lie. Scatttered blocks of a similar gneiss, but of a smaller size, occur at several 
spots along the road as far as Jand, near which place they are not very uncommon. These 
fragments are more or less angular, and have nothing in common, so far as appearance goes> 
with the ordinary rounded boulders and gravel of the Indus, a spill of which materials is 
found all over the country as we near the Indus, the remnants no doubt of a former high- 
level deposit of gravel and boulders swept down that river and its tributaries. 
About two and a half miles west-north-west of Jand, and a little south of the road to 
Kushalgarh, occurs a monstrous fragment of gneiss forty feet in girth, and sundry smaller 
fragments are seen in the neighbourhood, as also a little nearer the Indus ; but close to that 
river these fragments disappear, or are involved undistinguishably in the general mass of 
boulders swept down in its bed. There is at the spot where this large block occurs much 
surface gravel, but the rock beneath seems to be the silt I have previously described, which 
here sheets over and fills in the hollows between the harder Siwalik ridges which here and 
there crop out above the surface. So obvious is the foreign character of this granitoid rock 
resting on fine silt, that it has acquired a legendary fame, and is resorted to as a cure for 
lever, which is effected by the devout pacing it nine times without drawing breath. 
The distance between this block and that first noticed at Pind Sultani is twelve miles, 
and the direction of the line joining them east-north-east, west-south-west. Along this line 
small angular erratics are here and there seen, none more than a mile on either side of it; 
which clearly indicates the linear arrangment of these blocks. To establish this fact I made 
a traverse to the north as far as Jalwal, besides despatching Kishen Sing in other directions, 
but without finding any other blocks save those mentioned; whilst to the south I made 
several traverses equally without result, till the second line of erratics was met, the interme¬ 
diate ground being tree from these fragments. At twenty miles, however, south-east of 
this line of Jand erratics, a second line of them is met with possessing the same general 
strike (cast-north-east) as the last, and this line I traced for eighteen miles along the 
course of the Soan river, which must have engulphed many in its sands. This line extends 
through Shah Mahomedwalla and Jabbi, and some of its fragments are found two miles 
or a little more on either side of the centre line. The most easterly fragment noticed was a 
huge mass broken into several pieces, over 20 feet in girth, resting on alluvium at a high level 
eight and a half miles from Pindigheb and eleven miles from Jaman, and there are several 
