THE 
VETERINARIAN. 
-VOL. I. 
APRIL, 1828 . ■ 
No. 4. 
ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 
(Continued from page 71.) 
GENERAL REMARKS ON THE VERTEBRAL CHAIN. 
THE Spine exhibits for consideration four surfaces and two 
extremities. 
’ Surfaces —Extremely irregular, presenting various emi¬ 
nences and projections, hollows, grooves, and foramina. 
Superior Surface —^In the neck, broad and (from the absence 
of spinous processes) preserving a general level; the equality 
being interrupted only, anteriorly, by The spinal crest of the 
vertebra dentata ; posteriorly, by the spine of the seventh ver¬ 
tebra. In the back and loins, the surface offers a continued 
series of spinal projections ; long, with broad tuberous ends, 
sloping backward, in the withers; short, erect, with broad sides, 
and terminated by oblong ridges, posteriorly. On the sides, 
running close to the roots of the spinous processes, extending 
from the dentata to the last lumbar vertebra, are the vertebral 
grooves, filled by the spinal and semi-spinal muscles belonging 
to the neck, back, and loins. 
Inferior Surface —Presenting great uniformity from the gene¬ 
ral regularity of the inferior cervical spines and also the angu¬ 
lar portions of the bodies of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae; 
excepting, that the sixth cervical spine is defective, and that 
the one or two last lumbar vertebrae are flattened inferiorly. 
Lateral Surfaces —-Very irregular. Presenting, in the neck, 
broad, bifid, transverse plates, with cajpacious vertebral channels 
or grooves between them and the articulatory processes above, 
which are occupied principally by the complexus major. Un¬ 
derneath these grooves run the foramina for the vertebral blood¬ 
vessels ; and thi'ough their sides pass the holes of conjugation. 
VoL. I.—No. 4. L' 
